.PLAYself is a tool designed for self-description of physical literacy in children and youth. We examined the tool using both the Rasch model and Classical Test Theory to explore its psychometric properties. A random selection of 300 children aged 8-14 (47.3% female) from a dataset of 8,513 Canadian children were involved in the Rasch analysis. The three subscales of the measure demonstrated good fit to the Rasch model, satisfying requirements of unidimensionality, having good fit statistics (item and person fit residuals =-.17-1.47) and internal reliability (PSI=.70-.82), and a lack of item bias and problematic local dependency. In a separate comparable sample, 297 children also aged 8-14 (53.9% female) completed the PLAYfun, Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ), Physical Activities Measure-Revised (MPAM-R), a physical activity inventory (PLAYinventory), and repeated the PLAYself seven days later. The tests with this sample confirmed test-retest reliability (ICC=.81-.84), and convergent and construct validity consistent with contemporary physical literacy definitions. Overall, the PLAYself demonstrated robust psychometric properties, and is recommended for researchers and practitioners who are interested in assessing self-reported physical literacy. Novelty bullets • The PLAYself is a self-reported measure of physical literacy • This study validates the measure using the Rasch model and classical test theory • The PLAYself was found to have strong psychometric properties.Mixed-effects models, with modifications to accommodate censored observations (LMEC/NLMEC), are routinely used to analyze measurements, collected irregularly over time, which are often subject to some upper and lower detection limits. This paper presents a likelihood-based approach for fitting LMEC/NLMEC models with autoregressive of order p dependence of the error term. An EM-type algorithm is developed for computing the maximum likelihood estimates, obtaining as a byproduct the standard errors of the fixed effects and the likelihood value. Moreover, the constraints on the parameter space that arise from the stationarity conditions for the autoregressive parameters in the EM algorithm are handled by a reparameterization scheme, as discussed in Lin and Lee (2007). To examine the performance of the proposed method, we present some simulation studies and analyze a real AIDS case study. The proposed algorithm and methods are implemented in the new R package ARpLMEC.Abstract Resource constraints complicate load monitoring practices in some academies, which is problematic based on load-injury associations surrounding periods of rapid non-linear growth. Limited research has explored relationships between maturation and perceived psycho-physiological response to activity and associated neuromuscular performance changes. This study aimed to quantify neuromuscular and psycho-physiological responses to standardised activity and analyse whether dose-responses were moderated by maturation. Fifty-seven male soccer players (age 14.1 ± 0.9 years; stature 165 ± 10 cm; body mass, 57 ± 9 kg; percentage of predicted adult height 92.7 ± 5%) from two Elite Player Performance Plan (EPPP) academies completed the youth soccer-specific aerobic fitness test (Y-SAFT60). Countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), absolute (ABS) and relative leg stiffness (REL) were measured pre-post the Y-SAFT60 with playerload (PL), heart rate (HR), total distance (TDist) and differential ratinced by maturity status. Individuals more biologically developed are more capable of 'coping' with the biomechanical load of simulated soccer activity resulting in more favourable neuromuscular responses. The period surrounding peak height velocity appears to influence whole body load-response pathways resulting in altered movement patterns during this period. To minimise the impact of maturity status, practitioners can restrict activities that elicit high biomechanical load and introduce biologically categorised training activities.Surgical N95 filtering facepiece respirators (surgical N95 FFRs) are National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved N95 filtering facepiece respirators (N95 FFRs) cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for resistance to liquid penetration and flammability. A recent study showed that several N95 FFR models performed as well as surgical N95 FFRs in synthetic blood penetration tests that evaluate resistance to penetration by horizontal projection. This aspect, in addition to the influence of other factors on liquid penetration, are not well studied. To address this issue, the effect of liquid volume (1 mL and 2 mL), spray velocity (450 cm/sec and 635 cm/sec), and liquid composition (synthetic blood and diluted synthetic blood) were evaluated. Four types of common protective devices were studied N95 FFRs, surgical N95 FFRs, surgical masks, and powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) hoods. For each protective device type, five models were analyzed using a protocol based on the F1862 ASTM International (2017) test method. Reduced liquid volume had a significant effect in only 3 of 20 models. Increased velocity had significantly greater penetration in 9 of 20 models. Diluted synthetic blood had significantly more penetration in 8 of 20 models.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-549.html  This last result was not expected because, in hydrostatic tests, surface tension of the diluted blood would be expected to reduce penetrability; however, across all models tested, data showed that the diluted spray was more penetrable. The study results suggest that fluid composition may be as important as velocity when considering liquid spray penetration. Furthermore, the penetrability of a spray may be inversely related to the penetrability through direct hydrostatic contact.The plasma membrane NADPH Oxidase-derived ROS as signaling molecules play crucial roles in salt stress response. As the motor organelle of cells, mitochondria are also important for salt tolerance. However, the possible interaction between NADPH Oxidase-derived ROS and mitochondria is not well studied. Here, a transgenic Arabidopsis expressing mitochondrial matrix-targeted pH-sensitive indicator cpYFP was used to monitor the pH dynamics in root cells under salt stress. A significant alkalization in mitochondria was observed when the root was exposed to NaCl or KCl, but not osmotic stress such as isotonic mannitol. Interestingly, when pretreated with the NADPH Oxidase inhibitor DPI, the mitochondrial alkalization in root cells was largely abolished. Genetic evidence further showed that salt-induced mitochondrial alkalization was significantly reduced in the loss of function mutant atrbohF . Pretreatment with endocytosis-related inhibitor PAO or TyrA23, which inhibited the ROS accumulation under salt treatment, almost abolished this effect.