Our findings illustrate the applicability of genotype databases for inferring hotspots of illegal capture and for guiding future reintroduction efforts, both of which are essential elements of species protection and recovery programs.Nisin P is a natural nisin variant, the genetic determinants for which were previously identified in the genomes of two Streptococcus species, albeit with no confirmed evidence of production. Here we describe Streptococcus agalactiae DPC7040, a human faecal isolate, which exhibits antimicrobial activity against a panel of gut and food isolates by virtue of producing nisin P. Nisin P was purified, and its predicted structure was confirmed by nanoLC-MS/MS, with both the fully modified peptide and a variant without rings B and E being identified. Additionally, we compared its spectrum of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with that of nisin A and its antimicrobial effect in a faecal fermentation in comparison with nisin A and H. We found that its antimicrobial activity was less potent than nisin A and H, and we propose a link between this reduced activity and the peptide structure.Extreme climate events, such as the El Niños in 1997/1998 and 2015/16, have led to considerable forest loss in the Southeast Asian region following unprecedented drought and wildfires. In Borneo, the effects of extreme climate events have been exacerbated by rapid urbanization, accelerated deforestation and soil erosion since the 1980s. However, studies quantifying the impact of interannual and long-term (>3 decades) climatic and anthropogenic change affecting Borneo's coastal and coral reef environments are lacking. Here, we used coral cores collected in Miri-Sibuti Coral Reefs National Park, Sarawak (Malaysia) to reconstruct the spatio-temporal dynamics of sea surface temperature and oxygen isotopic composition of seawater from 1982 to 2016, based on paired oxygen isotope and Sr/Ca measurements. The results revealed rising sea surface temperatures of 0.26 ± 0.04 °C per decade since 1982. Reconstructed δ18Osw displayed positive excursion during major El Niño events of 1983, 1997/98 and 2015/16, indicating drought conditions with less river runoff, rainfall and higher ocean salinities. La Niñas were generally associated with lower δ18Osw. We observed a long-term shift from more saline conditions between 1982 and 1995 towards less saline conditions after 1995, which are in agreement with the regional freshening trend, punctuated by saline excursion during El Niños.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/2-nbdg.html  The decadal shifts were found to be driven by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). This study provides the first long-term data on El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven synchrony of climate impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems in northern Borneo. Our results suggest that coral records from northern Borneo are invaluable archives to detect regional ENSO and PDO impacts, and their interaction with the Asian-Australian monsoon, on the hydrological balance in the southern South China Sea beyond the past three decades.The dog rhinarium (naked and often moist skin on the nose-tip) is prominent and richly innervated, suggesting a sensory function. Compared to nose-tips of herbivorous artio- and perissodactyla, carnivoran rhinaria are considerably colder. We hypothesized that this coldness makes the dog rhinarium particularly sensitive to radiating heat. We trained three dogs to distinguish between two distant objects based on radiating heat; the neutral object was about ambient temperature, the warm object was about the same surface temperature as a furry mammal. In addition, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging on 13 awake dogs, comparing the responses to heat stimuli of about the same temperatures as in the behavioural experiment. The warm stimulus elicited increased neural response in the left somatosensory association cortex. Our results demonstrate a hitherto undiscovered sensory modality in a carnivoran species.Waste biomass from γ-polyglutamic acid production was used as an adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater. Waste biomass was entrapped in sodium alginate to enhance performance. Orthogonal array design was used to optimize biosorption of Cr(VI) by immobilized waste biomass. The optimal adsorption conditions for immobilized waste biomass were as follows pH 7.0, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 200 mg/L, 35 °C, waste biomass of 2 g/L, 60 min. Under these conditions, the absorption efficiency of Cr(VI) was 96.38 ± 0.45%. When the waste biomass was treated with 1 mol/L HCl for 1 h, the desorption rate could reach 94.42 ± 0.87%. It was shown that the adsorption kinetics followed the Freundlich adsorption model, indicating that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by bacteria was mainly based on multi-molecular layer adsorption. The absorption conditions of waste biomass were mild (pH 6.0-7.5, 20-35 °C) and easily operated. These investigations lay a foundation for reducing the pollution of γ-polyglutamic acid production, turning the biomass waste into a useful adsorbent for wastewater treatment.There is no preclinical mouse model to investigate pulmonary Mycobacteroides abscessus (formerly Mycobacterium abscessus) infection in an immunocompetent mouse strain, especially in the context of antibiotic testing and regimen development. We developed a mouse model of pulmonary M. abscessus infection using the aerosolized route of infection that leads to an increase in bacterial burden post- implantation and develops pathology as a result. In this mouse model, treatment with corticosteroid allows for initial proliferation and sustained M. abscessus pulmonary infection and permits evaluation of efficacies of antibiotics. Administration of corticosteroids that permitted higher levels of bacterial burden in the lungs were more likely to have pathology. Treatment of mice with antibiotics administered intranasally or subcutaneously significantly reduced lung M. abscessus burden. In addition to the reference strain, independent clinical isolates of M. abscessus also readily establish infection and proliferate in the lungs of mice in this model.