Also, a comparative study against other adaptive methods for multiple PIDs tuning is presented, showing a successful performance of the approach. PURPOSE Developmental abnormalities of the ocular anterior segment in some cases can lead to ocular hypertension and glaucoma. CPAMD8 is a gene of unknown function recently associated with ocular anterior segment dysgenesis, myopia, and ectopia lentis. We sought to assess the contribution of biallelic CPAMD8 variants to childhood and juvenile open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN Retrospective, multicenter case series. PARTICIPANTS A total of 268 probands and their relatives with a diagnosis of childhood or juvenile open-angle glaucoma. PURPOSE Developmental abnormalities of the ocular anterior segment in some cases can lead to ocular hypertension and glaucoma. CPAMD8 is a gene of unknown function recently associated with ocular anterior segment dysgenesis, myopia, and ectopia lentis. We sought to assess the contribution of biallelic CPAMD8 variants to childhood and juvenile open-angle glaucoma. METHODS Patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment, with DNA from patients and their relatives subjected to genas observed in 3 of 11 individuals (27.3%). CPAMD8 expression was highest in neural crest-derived tissues of the adult anterior segment, suggesting that CPAMD8 variation may cause malformation or obstruction of key drainage structures. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic CPAMD8 variation was associated with a highly heterogeneous phenotype and in our cohorts was the second most common inherited cause of childhood glaucoma after CYP1B1 and juvenile open-angle glaucoma after MYOC. CPAMD8 sequencing should be considered in the investigation of both childhood and juvenile open-angle glaucoma, particularly when associated with iris abnormalities, cataract, or retinal detachment. PURPOSE To characterize the change rate of ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and macular vessel density in healthy, preperimetric glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes. DESIGN Prospective, longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS One hundred thirty-nine eyes (23 healthy eyes, 36 preperimetric glaucoma eyes, and 80 POAG eyes) of 94 patients who had at least 3 visits were included from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. The mean follow-up was 2.0 years for healthy eyes, 2.6 years for preperimetric glaucoma eyes, and 2.6 years for POAG eyes. METHODS OCT angiography (OCTA)-based vessel density and OCT-based structural thickness of the same 3×3-mm2 GCC scan slab were evaluated. The dynamic range-based normalized rates of vessel density and thickness change were calculated and compared within each diagnostic group. The association between the rates of thickness and vessel density change and potential factors were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rates of GCC thinning and macular vessel dengroups. In POAG eyes, macular vessel density decrease was faster than GCC thinning and was associated with severity of disease. Macular vessel density is useful for evaluating glaucoma progression, particularly in more advanced disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of the prospective cohort who had one-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy (LFSO) with an earlier, similar cohort who had a two-stage LFSO. Both cohorts included only intra-abdominal testes (IATs) with short spermatic vessels. STUDY DESIGN The present study initially included all patients between the age of six months and preschool age, presenting with an IAT to the authors' tertiary clinic from January 2012 to December 2014. Only intra-abdominal testes with short testicular vessels, correlating to type 3A, 3B and 4A as per the updated Ain Shams classification, were included in this study. One-stage LFSO was performed on all patients. Patients with bilateral intra-abdominal testes had the procedure performed on the contralateral side 6-8 weeks later. Follow-up was performed at 6, 12 and 36 months postoperatively by means of Doppler ultrasound in the first two visits. A similar subgroup of the historical cohort from years 2002 to 2010 had a twovalue = 0.004). A comparison of both cohorts is shown in the summary table. CONCLUSION Although one-stage LFSO may seem tempting, it still holds a higher rate of testicular atrophy, which is not justified. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III (Case-control study). BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis has been associated with near-wall hemodynamics and wall shear stress (WSS). However, the role of coronary intravascular hemodynamics, in particular of the helical flow (HF) patterns that physiologically develop in those arteries, is rarely considered.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk3787.html  The purpose of this study was to assess how HF affects coronary plaque initiation and progression, definitively demonstrating its atheroprotective nature. METHODS The three main coronary arteries of five adult hypercholesterolemic mini-pigs on a high fat diet were imaged by computed coronary tomography angiography (CCTA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at 3 (T1, baseline) and 9.4 ± 1.9 (T2) months follow-up. The baseline geometries of imaged coronary arteries (n = 15) were reconstructed, and combined with pig-specific boundary conditions (based on in vivo Doppler blood flow measurements) to perform computational fluid dynamic simulations. Local wall thickness (WT) was measured on IVUS images at T1 and T2, and its temporal changes were assessed. Descriptors of HF and WSS nature were computed for each model, and statistically compared to WT data. RESULTS HF intensity was strongly positively associated with WSS magnitude (p  less then  0.001). Overall, coronary segments exposed to high baseline levels of HF intensity exhibited a significantly lower WT growth (p  less then  0.05), compared to regions with either mid or low HF intensity. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the physiological significance of HF in coronary arteries, revealing its protective role against atherosclerotic WT growth and its potential in predicting regions undergoing WT development. These findings support future in vivo measurement of coronary HF as atherosclerotic risk marker, overcoming current limitations of in vivo WSS assessment. V.