We also characterized the associated quantum yield. Eventually, we successfully confronted our model to growth data from the literature in the case of silver on TiO2 and gold on II-VI semiconducting NPs triggered by UV lamps. It shows that for the photosynthesis of NHDs the efficiency of the electron-hole pair production rate matters much more than the number of pairs produced and that the use of laser light can provide a photodeposition-based synthesis at the nanoscale.Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Among others, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Antiglaucoma drugs such as brimonidine can lower the IOP but their adherence to the ocular surface is low, leading to a low drug uptake. This results in a frequent dropping regime causing low compliance by the patients. Lipid DNA nanoparticles (NPs) have the intrinsic ability to bind to the ocular surface and can be loaded with different drugs. Here, we report DNA NPs functionalized for loading of brimonidine through specific aptamers and via hydrophobic interactions with double stranded micelles. Both NP systems exhibited improved affinity toward the cornea and retained release of the drug as compared to controls both in vitro and in vivo. Both NP types were able to lower the IOP in living animals significantly more than pristine brimonidine. Importantly, the brimonidine-loaded NPs showed no toxicity and improved efficacy and hence should improve compliance. In conclusion, this drug-delivery system offers high chances of an improved treatment for glaucoma and thus preserving vision in the aging population.Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are two key pathogeneses of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), which leads to outer hair cell (OHC) damage and hearing loss. In this work, we successfully developed ROS-responsive nanoparticles as berberine (BBR) carriers (PL-PPS/BBR) for OHC-targeted therapy of NIHL Prestin-targeting peptide 2 (PrTP2)-modified nanoparticles (PL-PPS/BBR), which effectively accumulated in OHC areas, and poly(propylene sulfide)120 (PPS120), which scavenged ROS and converted to poly(propylene sulfoxide)120 in a ROS environment to disintegrate and provoke the rapid release of BBR with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, satisfactory anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of PL-PPS/BBR were confirmed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sbi-115.html  Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that PL-PPS/BBR effectively accumulated in OHCs and protected the morphological integrity of OHCs. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) results demonstrated that PL-PPS/BBR significantly improved hearing in NIHL guinea pigs after noise exposure. This work suggested that PL-PPS/BBR may be a new potential treatment for noise-associated injury with clinical application.Interfacial solar-driven evaporation is a promising path to address the scarcity of freshwater. Lots of efforts have been made to develop highly efficient photothermal materials and optimize operational efficiency. However, the designed solar evaporator tends to directly contact with seawater, leading to inevitable parasitic heat loss and the total suppression of evaporation of the backside. Here, we show a novel draping fabric system by separating the evaporation interface from bulk water. The evaporation area was exposed to air with enhanced natural convection and double-side evaporation. The draping fabric was prepared by coating the mixture of carbon black (CB) and cross-linked sodium alginate (SA) on ramie fabric (CSRF). The draping CSRF realized an evaporation rate of 1.81 kg m-2 h-1 and efficiency of 96.6% under 1 sun illumination (1 kW m-2). In addition, by changing the yarn fineness of the fabric, a tunable water supply can be realized to optimize the energy distribution. This work provides a new strategy to design and optimize the solar evaporation system, exhibiting great potential in real-world applications.
  Intervention studies are used widely in nursing research to explore the efficacy of intervention programs for changing targeted health outcomes. However, the analyses of such studies have focused predominantly on their main intervention effects; most studies ignore the mechanisms underlying how the intervention programs work partly because of lack of application details of the longitudinal mediation analysis techniques.
 
  The aim of this study was to illustrate an application of parallel process latent growth curve modeling (PP-LGCM) to examine longitudinal moderated mediation effects.
 
  Longitudinal data from an online bone health intervention study were used to demonstrate the step-by-step application of PP-LGCM with Mplus statistical software.
 
  With modification indices, we were able to achieve adequate model fit for PP-LGCM in our data. The mediation effects of self-efficacy on the intervention effects on exercise were nonsignificant for the entire sample. However, the conditional indirect effect showed the mediation effects were moderated by age group.
 
  PP-LGCM provides an efficient way to analyze and explain the underlying mechanisms for the intervention effects in a trial, especially when the intervention program is guided by a theory.
 PP-LGCM provides an efficient way to analyze and explain the underlying mechanisms for the intervention effects in a trial, especially when the intervention program is guided by a theory.
  Opioids are generally an inappropriate acute pain management strategy in children, particularly because of the risk for diversion and subsequent misuse and abuse.
 
  To examine associations between Medicaid plan type [coordinated care organization (CCO), managed care (MC), fee-for-service (FFS)] and whether a child received an opioid prescription.
 
  Secondary analysis of Oregon Medicaid data (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017).
 
  Medicaid-enrolled children ages 0-17 (N=200,169).
 
  There were 2 outcomes whether a child received an opioid prescription from (a) any health provider or (b) from a visit to the dentist. Predictor variables included Medicaid plan type, age, sex, race, and ethnicity.
 
  About 6.7% of children received an opioid from any health provider and 1.2% received an opioid from a dentist visit. Children in a CCO were significantly more likely than children in a MC (P<0.01) or FFS (P=0.02) plan to receive an opioid from any health provider. Children in a CCO were also significantly more likely than children in MC or FFS to receive an opioid from a dentist visit (P<0.