https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dcemm1.html This negative moderating role is more marked among widowed males than females. In contrast, greater wealth, particularly from non-financial assets, is associated with earlier psychological adjustment among males. For females, mental health in widowhood shows little difference by wealth. These findings suggest that social capital may not be sufficient to protect deteriorations in mental health among widowed individuals, and that the pursuit of alternative avenues may be especially important among the less wealthy. RATIONALE Population aging in Japan has been accompanied by increases in those with visual impairment. No previous study has examined whether visual impairment is associated with reduced social participation in older people in Japan. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, questionnaires were mailed to older people living in 39 Japanese communities in 2016. Data from 24,313 respondents (70.3%, 74.0 ± 6.2 years) included information on visual status, social participation, socioeconomic status, and health. Visual status was measured by self-report (excellent, very good, good, or fair/poor). RESULTS The prevalence of visual impairment (fair/poor) was 9.3%. After adjusting for individual covariates in multinominal logistic regression analysis with multiple imputations, visual status was significantly associated with reduced participation (once a week or more) in volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby groups, neighborhood associations, study/cultural groups, health promotion groups, and involvement in teaching skills/passing on experiences to others (p for trend less then 0.01). On the other hand, participation in senior citizen clubs was not associated with visual status (p for trend = 0.07). While excellent/very good vision was associated with increased volunteerism (e.g., involvement in teaching skills/passing on experiences to others Odds ratios (OR) 1.78/1.21), poor vision disrupted participation in activities