A hydrodynamic/acoustic splitting method was used to examine the effect of supraglottal acoustics on fluid-structure interactions during human voice production in a two-dimensional computational model. The accuracy of the method in simulating compressible flows in typical human airway conditions was verified by comparing it to full compressible flow simulations. The method was coupled with a three-mass model of vocal fold lateral motion to simulate fluid-structure interactions during human voice production. By separating the acoustic perturbation components of the airflow, the method allows isolation of the role of supraglottal acoustics in fluid-structure interactions. The results showed that an acoustic resonance between a higher harmonic of the sound source and the first formant of the supraglottal tract occurred during normal human phonation when the fundamental frequency was much lower than the formants. The resonance resulted in acoustic pressure perturbation at the glottis which was of the same order as the incompressible flow pressure and found to affect vocal fold vibrations and glottal flow rate waveform. Specifically, the acoustic perturbation delayed the opening of the glottis, reduced the vertical phase difference of vocal fold vibrations, decreased flow rate and maximum flow deceleration rate at the glottal exit; yet, they had little effect on glottal opening. The results imply that the sound generation in the glottis and acoustic resonance in the supraglottal tract are coupled processes during human voice production and computer modeling of vocal fold vibrations needs to include supraglottal acoustics for accurate predictions.
  Tranexamic acid (TXA) has gained increasing recognition in plastic surgery as a dependable adjunct capable of minimizing blood loss, ecchymosis, and edema. To date, there has been limited data on the use of TXA to mitigate liposuction donor site ecchymosis.
 
  To investigate whether infiltration of TXA into liposuction donor sites safely reduces postoperative ecchymosis.
 
  A single-surgeon retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze patients undergoing autologous fat transfer for breast reconstruction between 2016-2019.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  Following lipoaspiration, patients in the intervention group received 75mL of TXA (3g in NaCl 0.9%) infiltrated into the liposuction donor sites, whereas the historical controls did not. Patient demographics, degree of ecchymosis, surgical complications, and thromboembolic events were examined. A blinded assessment of postoperative photographs of the donor sites was performed.
 
  Overall, 120 autologous fat grafting procedures were reviewed. 60 patients received TXA, whereas 60 patients did not. Patient demographics and comorbidities were similar amongst the groups. No difference existed between groups with regards to donor site locations, tumescent volume, lipoaspirate volume, or time to postoperative photograph. 10 blinded evaluators completed the assessment. Median bruising score of patients who received TXA was significantly lower than the patients who did not (1.6/10 vs. 2.3/10, p=0.01). Postoperative complications were similar amongst the groups. Adverse effects of TXA were not observed.
 
  Patients who received local infiltration of TXA into the liposuction donor sites were found to have less donor site ecchymosis compared to patients who did not. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted.
 Patients who received local infiltration of TXA into the liposuction donor sites were found to have less donor site ecchymosis compared to patients who did not. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted.We present the case of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with a LTCD4 + 49 cells/mm3, who was admitted due to a seven-month period of weight loss, abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and rubbery skin lesions. Myeloculture and blood cultures were positive for Rhodococcus equi. In addition, histological lesions in the skin and intestine compatible with this agent were observed, such as malacoplachy, granulomatous reaction and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Pulmonary involvement was ruled out by chest tomography. The patient received antibacterial therapy combined with clarithromycin, imipenem, and vancomycin. Despite the treatment, the patient evolved unfavorably and died.Dematiaceous fungi are a heterogeneous group of microorganisms able to synthesize melanin. Infections by this group that provoke tissular hyphae are called phaeohyphomycosis and usually involve skin and neighbor tissues. We present the case of a 86 years old men with a progressive soft cystic tumor in his right hand and wrist not associated to pain or inflammatory signs. A surgical intervention demonstrated flexor tenosynovitis with serous secretion, pseudocapsule and synovitis. Fungal culture demonstrated a dematiaceous fungi compatible with Pleurostomophora richardsiae that was confirmed by sequencing of the ITS region. Biopsy showed chronic inflammation with granuloma and hyphae. After surgical drainage, the patient was discharged without antifungal therapy but died of unrelated causes three month later. This is the first description of P. richardsiae as a cause of phaeohyphomycosis in Chile, a country with a template climate. Phaeohyphomycosis can be suspected when a chronic skin cystic lesion involves extremities without inflammatory signs, sometimes with an associated fistula. It may affect immunocompetent or immunosuppressed patients. Treatment involves surgical excision with or without antifungal therapy and prognosis is favorable.
  Amebiasis has been defined by World Health Organization (WHO) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) as the infection with Entamoeba histolytica regardless of symptoms. Necrotizing amoebic colitis is a rare clinical form of amebosis that is associated with high morbidity and mortality.
 
  We present a 68-years-old-female patient with necrotizing amoebic colitis with multiple perforations who survived after right hemicolectomy with ileus-transverse anastomosis.
 
  Effective interventions to prevent amebic colitis, and additional therapies to treat fulminant amebic colitis are needed to improve outcomes.
 Effective interventions to prevent amebic colitis, and additional therapies to treat fulminant amebic colitis are needed to improve outcomes.