https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tpx-0005.html Overall, mean postoperative pain intensity was low, with the majority of patients having no or minimal pain 24h postoperatively. At 6h postoperatively, pain intensity and incidence were significantly higher in the UAI group compared to the LAI group (P<0.05). For the other time intervals, no significant differences in postoperative pain incidence or intensity were found. The frequency of analgesic intake did not differ significantly between the two groups. Neither of the activation methods resulted in any adverse effects. Ultrasonically and laser-activated irrigation resulted in low and comparable levels of postoperative pain in asymptomatic patients receiving primary root canal treatment. Ultrasonically and laser-activated irrigation resulted in low and comparable levels of postoperative pain in asymptomatic patients receiving primary root canal treatment. Dementia causes cognitive and memory difficulties which can reduce the driving safety of the individuals. The decision-making process for driving retirement is challenging, and yet limited guidance is available. This article reports the development of the Taiwanese version of dementia and driving decision aid (DDDA) and the evaluation from stakeholders through a dementia and driving education programme. A multi-method approach was adopted using a pre-test, post-test survey and focus group interviews. A total of 154 healthcare professionals, family caregivers and people with dementia participated education programme, and 12 experts attended the focus group discussion. The survey included demographics, knowledge, confidence, competence and awareness of using DDDA. Participants completed a survey prior and immediately after the education programme. We translated a 32-page interactive DDDA booklet from the original English version to Mandarin. The education programme consisted of three-hour dementia and drid their families to negotiate the complex decision-making inv