Thus, a growing interest has emerged using these oligonucleotides in the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiac disorders as well as cancer, since the deregulation of certain coding and non-coding RNAs plays a key role in the development of these diseases. Cutting edge research is being performed in the field of non-coding RNAs, identifying potential therapeutic targets, and developing novel oligonucleotide-based agents that outperform classical drugs. Some of these agents are either in clinical trials showing promising results or are already US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, with more oligonucleotides being developed for therapeutic purposes. This is the advent of mechanism-based next-generation therapeutics for a wide range of diseases.
  We describe a rare paratubal serous borderline tumor occurring in an adolescent and provide insight into its molecular underpinnings.
 
  A 14-year-old girl presented with irregular menstrual cycles and a large right pelvic mass. Computed tomography imaging revealed a cystic neoplasm arising from the right ovary with peripheral calcification. During laparotomy, a cystic tumor located at the right parametrium independent of the fallopian tube was identified. The ovary was intact and the tumor was successfully removed. Intraoperative diagnosis using the frozen section technique and subsequent pathology revealed a paratubal serous borderline tumor. Molecular analyses revealed a chromosomally stable tumor genome and a pathogenic somatic mutation (c.1799T>A, p.Val600Glu) in the B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) gene.
 
  This case shows that the BRAF p.Val600Glu mutation likely acts as an oncogenic driver in this rare neoplasm.
 This case shows that the BRAF p.Val600Glu mutation likely acts as an oncogenic driver in this rare neoplasm.
  To explore key aspects of menstrual health literacy and menstrual management in young women at school or in tertiary education.
 
  Cross-sectional online survey.
 
  Australia-wide.
 
  A total of 4202 adolescent and young women (13-25years of age; median age 17years), having reached menarche, living in Australia and currently attending school (n=2421) or tertiary education (n=1781).
 
  Online survey hosted by Qualtrics between November 2017 and January 2018. Data were collected on contraceptive use, management strategies, sources of information, and knowledge of menstruation.
 
  Information on prevalence and effectiveness of different management strategies, health-seeking behavior, knowledge about menstruation, and common menstrual disorders such as endometriosis.
 
  The majority of young women did not seek medical advice for their menstrual symptoms, but used information from the Internet (50%) and engaged in self-management, most commonly with over-the-counter medications such as paracetamol (51%) or ibuprofen (mproved education on menstruation is vital.
  Community-level antibiotic use contributes to antimicrobial resistance, but is rarely monitored as part of efforts to optimize antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We investigated antibiotic use in the 4weeks before study inclusion for persistent fever.
 
  The NIDIAG-Fever (Neglected Infectious diseases DIAGnosis-Fever) study investigated aetiologies of infections in patients ≥5years old with fever ≥1week in six healthcare facilities in Cambodia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Nepal, and Sudan. In the present nested cross-sectional study, we describe prevalence and choice of antibiotics before and at study inclusion, applying the Access/Watch/Reserve (AWaRe) classification of the WHO List of Essential Medicines. Factors associated with prior antibiotic use were analysed.
 
  Of 1939 participants, 428 (22.1%) reported the prior use of one or more antibiotics, ranging from 6.3% (24/382, Cambodia) to 35.5% (207/583, Nepal). Of 545 reported antibiotics, the most frequent were Wa antibiotic use in LMICs, should not be restricted to hospitals, and need to take local healthcare utilization into account.
  Management and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on reliable diagnostic testing.
 
  To evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for the diagnosis of coronavirus infections.
 
  PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Open Grey and conference proceeding until May 2019. PubMed and medRxiv were updated for COVID-19 on 31st August 2020.
 
  Studies were eligible if they reported on agreement rates between different NAATs using clinical samples.
 
  Symptomatic patients with suspected upper or lower respiratory tract coronavirus infection.
 
  The new NAAT was defined as the index test and the existing NAAT as reference standard. Data were extracted independently in duplicate. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Confidence regions (CRs) surrounding summary sensitivity/specificity pooled by bivariate meta-analysis are reported. Heterogeneity was assessed using meta-regression.
 
  Fifty-wed significantly lower sensitivity compared to other studies.
 
  Pooling all studies to date shows that on average 10% of patients with coronavirus infections might be missed with PCR tests. Variables affecting sensitivity and specificity can be used for test selection and development.
 Pooling all studies to date shows that on average 10% of patients with coronavirus infections might be missed with PCR tests. Variables affecting sensitivity and specificity can be used for test selection and development.B lymphocytes play key roles in adaptive and innate immunity. In autoimmune diseases, their participation in disease instigation and/or progression has been demonstrated in both experimental models and clinical trials. Recent epigenetic investigations of human B lymphocyte subsets revealed the importance of DNA methylation in exquisitely regulating the cellular activation and differentiation programs. This review discusses recent advances on the potential of DNA methylation to shape events that impart generation of plasma cells and memory B cells, providing novel insight into homeostatic regulation of the immune system.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bal-0028.html  In parallel, epigenetic profiling of B cells from patients with systemic or organo-specific autoimmune diseases disclosed distinctive differential methylation regions that, in some cases, could stratify patients from controls. Development of tools for editing DNA methylation in the mammalian genome could be useful for future functional studies of epigenetic regulation by offering the possibility to edit locus-specific methylation, with potential translational applications.