https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nocodazole.html Female mice responded to HDM more frequently and had a more robust immune cell response compared to their male counterparts, irrespective of maternal treatment. Male offspring from CORT-treated dams had a greater number of inflammatory cells in the lung in response to HDM compared to males from control dams, while maternal treatment did not affect immune cell numbers in females. Alternatively, maternal CORT caused enhanced goblet cell hyperplasia in female offspring following HDM, an effect that was not observed in male offspring. In summary, prenatal exposure to mild, prolonged heightened stress hormone had sexually dimorphic effects on allergic inflammation in airways of adult offspring. Copyright © 2020 Smith, Paul, McGee, Sinniah, Flom, Jackson-Humbles, Harkema and Racicot.Obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The presence of chronic, low-grade inflammation appears to be an important mechanistic link between excess nutrients and clinical disease. The onset of these metabolic disorders coincides with changes in the number and phenotype of macrophages in peripheral organs, particularly in the liver and adipose tissue. Macrophage accumulation in these tissues has been implicated in tissue inflammation and fibrosis, contributing to metabolic disease progression. Recently, the concept has emerged that changes in macrophage metabolism affects their functional phenotype, possibly triggered by distinct environmental metabolic cues. This may be of particular importance in the setting of obesity, where both liver and adipose tissue are faced with a high metabolic burden. In the first part of this review we will discuss current knowledge regarding macrophage dynamics in both adipose tissue and liver in obesity. Then in the second part, we will highlight data linking macrophage metabolism to functional phenotype with an emphasis on m