1. **What is a Test Case?**

   - A test case is a set of conditions or steps used to test a specific feature or functionality in software to ensure it works as expected.


2. **What is a Table? What is a View? **

   - **Table:** A table is a collection of data organized in rows and columns in a database.

   - **View:** A view is a virtual table in SQL that is based on the result-set of a SQL query. It doesn’t store data itself but displays data from one or more tables.

 
3. **Joins Related Query:**

   - **Joins** are used in SQL to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column. Common types include:

     - **INNER JOIN:** Returns records with matching values in both tables.

     - **LEFT JOIN (Left Outer Join):** Returns all records from the left table and matched records from the right table. If no match, NULL is returned.

     - **RIGHT JOIN (Right Outer Join):** Returns all records from the right table and matched records from the left table. If no match, NULL is returned.

     - **FULL JOIN (Full Outer Join):** Returns records when there is a match in either left or right table. If no match, NULL is returned.

 
4. **Union vs Union All:**

   - **UNION:** Combines the result of two or more SELECT queries and removes duplicates.

   - **UNION ALL:** Combines the result of two or more SELECT queries without removing duplicates.

 
5. **Functions in SQL:**

   - Functions are pre-defined operations in SQL that perform calculations or transformations on data, such as:

     - **Aggregate Functions:** SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX.

     - **String Functions:** CONCAT, SUBSTRING, LENGTH.

     - **Date Functions:** NOW(), DATEADD, DATEDIFF.


6. **Substring:**

   - `SUBSTRING` is a function in SQL that extracts a part of a string from a specified starting position and for a specified length.

 
7. **INTSTG (Assuming you meant Integer String Conversion):**

   - Conversion between integer (number) and string (text) formats in SQL or programming languages.

 
8. **Where Condition in Queries:**

   - The `WHERE` clause in SQL is used to filter records that meet specific criteria.

 
9. **What is Data Providers? Real-Time Example?**

   - **Data Providers** in testing frameworks like TestNG provide a way to pass multiple sets of data to a test method, making it possible to run the same test with different data.

   - **Real-Time Example:** Testing login functionality with different username and password combinations.


10. **STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle):**

    - STLC refers to the stages involved in testing software, including requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, defect reporting, and test closure.


11. **About Count Function:**

    - `COUNT`

COUNT is an aggregate function in SQL that returns the number of rows that match