https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kpt-185.html served in all intervention studies reporting posttreatment stiffness changes (n=6). Overall, ultrasound elastography techniques showed moderate reliability in evaluating in vivo muscle stiffness, good convergent validity with relevant clinical assessments, and good divergent validity in discriminating tissue changes within and between groups. Ultrasound elastography has clinical utility in assessing muscle stiffness, monitoring its temporal changes, and measuring the response to intervention in people with neurological conditions. Ultrasound elastography has clinical utility in assessing muscle stiffness, monitoring its temporal changes, and measuring the response to intervention in people with neurological conditions.Cell competition involves a conserved fitness-sensing process during which fitter cells eliminate neighbouring less-fit but viable cells1. Cell competition has been proposed as a surveillance mechanism to ensure normal development and tissue homeostasis, and has also been suggested to act as a barrier to interspecies chimerism2. However, cell competition has not been studied in an interspecies context during early development owing to the lack of an in vitro model. Here we developed an interspecies pluripotent stem cell (PSC) co-culture strategy and uncovered a previously unknown mode of cell competition between species. Interspecies competition between PSCs occurred in primed but not naive pluripotent cells, and between evolutionarily distant species. By comparative transcriptome analysis, we found that genes related to the NF-κB signalling pathway, among others, were upregulated in less-fit 'loser' human cells. Genetic inactivation of a core component (P65, also known as RELA) and an upstream regulator (MYD88) of the NF-κB complex in human cells could overcome the competition between human and mouse PSCs, thereby improving the survival and chimerism of human cells in early mouse embryos. These insight