ests there are not significant post-operative volumetric changes associated with OSA improvement six-months post-surgery. This suggests that effect on OSA improvement is achieved without notable deformation of airway volume. Reduced need for neuromuscular compensation during wake following anatomical improvement via surgery could explain lack of measurable volume change. Further research to understand the mechanisms of action of multilevel surgery is required.
  In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
 
  The objective of this study was to implement a standardized process across health systems to determine the prevalence and clinical relevance of prescribing errors intercepted by pharmacists.
 
  This prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted across 11 hospitals. Pharmacist-intercepted prescribing errors were collected during inpatient order verification over 6 consecutive weeks utilizing a standardized documentation process. The potential harm of each error was evaluated using a modified National Coordinating Council for Medication harm. "Wrong dose/rate/frequency" (n = 1,028, 30.7%), "wrong timing" (n = 573, 17.1%), and "duplicate therapy" (n = 482, 14.4%) errors occurred with the highest frequency among errors with potentially serious harm.
 
  Documentation of pharmacist intervention on prescribing errors via a standardized process creates a platform for multicenter analysis of prescribing error trends and an opportunity for development of system-wide solutions to reduce potential harm from prescribing errors.
 Documentation of pharmacist intervention on prescribing errors via a standardized process creates a platform for multicenter analysis of prescribing error trends and an opportunity for development of system-wide solutions to reduce potential harm from prescribing errors.Heterosis of grain yield is closely associated with heading date in crops. Gene combinations of the major heading date genes Ghd7, Ghd8 and Hd1 play important roles in enhancing grain yield and adaptation to ecological regions in rice. However, the predominant three-gene combinations for a specific ecological region remain unclear in both three-line and two-line hybrids.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/td139.html  In this study, we sequenced these three genes of 50 cytoplasmic male sterile/maintainer lines, 31 photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and 109 restorer lines. Sequence analysis showed that hybrids carrying strong functional alleles of Ghd7 and Hd1 and nonfunctional Ghd8 are predominant in three-line hybrids and are recommended for rice production in subtropics around 30°N/S. Hybrids carrying strong functional Ghd7 and Ghd8 and nonfunctional Hd1 are prior in two-line hybrids and are suggested in low latitude areas around 23.5°N/S rich in photothermal resources. Hybrids pyramiding strong functional Ghd7 and Ghd8 and functional Hd1 were not identified in commercial hybrids in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but they have high yield potential in tropical regions because they have the strongest photoperiod sensitivity. Based on these findings, two genic sterile lines Xiangling 628S and C815S whose hybrids often head very late were diagnosed with these three genes, and Hd1 was targeted to be knocked out in Xiangling 628S and substituted with hd1 in C815S. The hybrids developed from both modified sterile lines in turn had appropriate heading dates and significantly improved grain yield. This study provides instructions for breeding design to develop hybrids for various regions.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) target specific mRNA molecules based on sequence complementarity for their degradation or translation repression, thereby regulating various development and physiological processes in eukaryotic orgasms. Expressing the target mimicry (MIM) and short tandem target mimicry (STTM), can block endogenous mature miRNAs activity and eliminate the inhibition to their target genes, resulting in phenotypic changes due to higher expression of the target genes. Here, we report a strategy to achieve de-repression of interested miRNA-target genes through CRISPR/Cas9-based generation of in-frame mutants within the miRNA-complementary sequence of the target gene. We show that two rice genes, OsGRF4 and OsGRF8 carrying in-frame mutants with disrupting the miR396 recognition sites, escape from miR396-mediated post-transcriptional silence, resulting in enlarged grain size and increased the brown planthopper (BPH) resistance in their respective rice transgenic lines. These results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of miRNA target sites can be effectively employed to precisely de-repress particular target genes of functional importance for trait improvement in plants.
  ●To assess penis growth and testosterone levels in obese versus normal weight children and adolescents.●To evaluate a possible influence of obesity on genital development in boys.●To establish a new method for measuring penis length that allows comparison of normal weight and overweight boys.
 
  We assessed anthropometric and genital development in 1130 boys from birth to 20 years of age. Testosterone levels were also measured. A new method for penile length measurement was employed in order to minimize errors when comparing obese and non-obese children. Penis length was measured with a gentle painless straight positioning on a centimetric ruler without stretching, which is doable from the first years of life until the end of adolescence.
 
  Penis length and testosterone are strongly related in children during puberty. Penile length growth is significantly decreased (by about 10%) in obese boys when compared to normal-weight boys, with concomitantly reduced testosterone levels, across puberal phases.
 
  Childhood obesity represents an important determinant of lower testosterone level and reduced penis development.