0 years in the experimental group and in the control group; respectively. Both for males and females; there were no statistically significant differences between experimental and control groups (
  = 0.104).
 
  The present study showed no differences in the ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis between individuals with and without cleft lip and/or palate.
 The present study showed no differences in the ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis between individuals with and without cleft lip and/or palate.A GPM-30 fatigue machine was used to investigate the influence of surface ultrasonic rolling (SURT) on the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life of D2 wheel steel. The experimental results present that the RCF life of the grinding processing sample is 4.1 × 105 cycles. During the RCF process, the flaking of the fine grain layer and high surface roughness of the grinding processing sample cause the production of RCF cracks. When the samples are treated by SURT with 0.2 MPa and 0.4 MPa, the RCF life is 9.2 × 105 cycles and 9.6 × 105 cycles, respectively. After SURT, the surface roughness of the samples is reduced, and a certain thickness of gradient-plastic-deformation layer and a residual-compressive-stress layer are produced. These factors lead to the improvement of the RCF property. However, when the static pressure increases to 0.6 MPa during SURT, the RCF life of the sample is reduced during RCF testing. The micro-cracks, which are formed during SURT, become the crack source and cause the formation of RCF cracks, decreasing of the RCF life.In this article, recent advances in the development, preparation, biocompatibility and mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and its composites for hard and soft tissue engineering are reviewed. PEEK has been widely employed for fabricating spinal fusions due to its radiolucency, chemical stability and superior sterilization resistance at high temperatures. PEEK can also be tailored into patient-specific implants for treating orbital and craniofacial defects in combination with additive manufacturing process. However, PEEK is bioinert, lacking osseointegration after implantation. Accordingly, several approaches including surface roughening, thin film coating technology, and addition of bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) micro-/nanofillers have been adopted to improve osseointegration performance. The elastic modulus of PEEK is 3.7-4.0 GPa, being considerably lower than that of human cortical bone ranging from 7-30 GPa. Thus, PEEK is not stiff enough to sustain applied stress in load-bearing orthopedic implants. Therefore, HA micro-/nanofillers, continuous and discontinuous carbon fibers are incorporated into PEEK for enhancing its stiffness for load-bearing applications. Among these, carbon fibers are more effective than HA micro-/nanofillers in providing additional stiffness and load-bearing capabilities. In particular, the tensile properties of PEEK composite with 30wt% short carbon fibers resemble those of cortical bone. Hydrophobic PEEK shows no degradation behavior, thus hampering its use for making porous bone scaffolds. PEEK can be blended with hydrophilic polymers such as polyglycolic acid and polyvinyl alcohol to produce biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.Colloidal cubic silicon-carbide nanocrystals have been fabricated, characterized, and introduced into metal-insulator-semiconductor and metal-insulator-metal structures based on hafnium oxide layers. The fabricated structures were characterized through the stress-and-sense measurements in terms of device capacitance, flat-band voltage shift, switching characteristics, and retention time. The examined electrical performance of the sample structures has demonstrated the feasibility of the application of both types of structures based on SiC nanoparticles in memory devices.The Gram-negative coccobacillus Kingella kingae is increasingly recognized as an important invasive pediatric pathogen that causes mostly bacteremia and skeletal system infections. K.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lenalidomide-s1029.html  kingae secretes an RtxA toxin that belongs to a broad family of the RTX (Repeats in ToXin) cytotoxins produced by bacterial pathogens. Recently, we demonstrated that membrane cholesterol facilitates interaction of RtxA with target cells, but other cell surface structures potentially involved in toxin binding to cells remain unknown. We show that deglycosylation of cell surface structures by glycosidase treatment, or inhibition of protein N- and O-glycosylation by chemical inhibitors substantially reduces RtxA binding to target cells. Consequently, the deglycosylated cells were more resistant to cytotoxic activity of RtxA. Moreover, experiments on cells expressing or lacking cell surface integrins of the β2 family revealed that, unlike some other cytotoxins of the RTX family, K. kingae RtxA does not bind target cells via the β2 integrins. Our results, hence, show that RtxA binds cell surface oligosaccharides present on all mammalian cells but not the leukocyte-restricted β2 integrins. This explains the previously observed interaction of the toxin with a broad range of cell types of various mammalian species and reveals that RtxA belongs to the group of broadly cytolytic RTX hemolysins.Nanofluids are considered to be a next-generation heat transfer medium due to their excellent thermal performance. To investigate the effect of electric fields and magnetic fields on heat transfer of nanofluids, this paper analyzes the mechanism of thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids, the chaotic convection and the heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids in the presence of an applied electric field or magnetic field through the method of literature review. The studies we searched showed that applied electric field and magnetic field can significantly affect the heat transfer performance of nanofluids, although there are still many different opinions about the effect and mechanism of heat transfer. In a word, this review is supposed to be useful for the researchers who want to understand the research state of heat transfer of nanofluids.