Opioids are essential medicines. Despite international and national laws permitting availability, opioid access remains inadequate, particularly in South, Southeast, East and Central Asia. To review evidence of perceptions and experiences of regulatory enablers and barriers to opioid access in South, Southeast, East and Central Asia. Systematic review of post-2000 research according to PRISMA guidelines. Data were subjected to critical interpretive synthesis. International, national and sub-national barriers were organised developing a conceptual framework of opioid availability. PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library. CINAHL, Complete and ASSIA from 2000 until 20th May 2019. 21/14097 studies included quantitative  = 15, qualitative  = 3 and mixed-methods  = 3. Four barrier/enabler themes were developed lack of laws explicitly enabling opioid access, restrictive international controls and clinician prescribing concerns. limited availability, poor policymaker and clinician educatonal laws explicitly enabling opioid access are required, to assuage concerns, promote training and appropriate prescribing. The aims of this study were to develop a German Hearing In Noise Test (HINT) using the same methodology as with previous HINT tests; to develop sentence lists for measuring speech reception thresholds (SRTs); and to determine test-retest reliability and norms for measures obtained under headphones. The following steps were followed develop and record sentences, synthesise masking noise, determine the performance-intensity (PI) function, equalise sentence difficulty in the masking noise. Form sentence lists of equal difficulty. Measure SRTs for normal hearing individuals to determine practice/learning effects, test-retest reliability, and norms. Three groups of adults (median age = 25 years) with average better ear pure-tone averages (PTAs) ≤ 5 dB HL participated. The 12 20-sentence lists were well-matched phonemically and did not differ significantly in difficulty. Test-retest reliability 95% confidence intervals ranged from 1.3 to 2.5 dB. Norms in quiet and in noise exhibited the same pattern as those for other HINT languages. German norms were approximately 2 dB lower than other languages in the noise conditions. The German HINT materials are comparable to those for other languages and are partially consistent with recommendations for construction of multilingual speech tests. They can be used for comparing and pooling research results from the international research community. The German HINT materials are comparable to those for other languages and are partially consistent with recommendations for construction of multilingual speech tests. They can be used for comparing and pooling research results from the international research community.The connection between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and problematic alcohol and/ or other drug (AOD) use has been well established in public health, social work and criminology research. Despite the overwhelming evidence of the correlation between these two problem behaviors, service systems addressing these issues have historically done so in siloed approaches to practice. AOD interventions have frequently been criticized for a lack of IPV focused assessment and practice. Similarly, specialist IPV interventions generally do not address clients' underlying risk factors, including problematic AOD use, through holistic intervention approaches. Suggestions to combine IPV and AOD focused interventions for men who use violence are often met with skepticism, raising questions around which sector could deliver a combined intervention approach and how different ideological standpoints in client work can and should be integrated into a combined framework. In this article, we examine the views of key stakeholders (n = 10) involved in the funding, development and/ or delivery of different service responses to men who use IPV in an Australian jurisdiction. Drawing on qualitative interview and focus group data, we explore their views around combined, group-based interventions, including the perceived need for such intervention models along with sector readiness and key considerations critical in informing the combining of IPV and AOD focused perpetrator interventions. Stakeholder findings identify the need for holistic responses to perpetrators of IPV with comorbid problematic AOD use. Further, findings provide guidance for funding bodies and community service providers considering combined, group-based interventions for perpetrators of IPV with comorbid problematic AOD use.Aim This manuscript describes implementation of clinical decision support for providers concerned with perioperative complications of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Materials & methods Clinical decision support for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility was implemented in 2018 based around our pre-emptive genotyping platform. We completed a brief descriptive review of patients who underwent pre-emptive testing, focused particularly on RYR1 and CACNA1S genes. Results To date, we have completed pre-emptive genetic testing on more than 10,000 patients; 13 patients having been identified as a carrier of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant of RYR1 or CACNA1S. Conclusion An alert system for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility - as an extension of our pre-emptive genomics platform - was implemented successfully. Implementation strategies and lessons learned are discussed herein.Men aged 85 years and over have the highest rate of suicide of any age or gender group in Australia. However, little is known about their trajectory toward suicide. The objective of this study was to understand the role of masculine norms and other life factors in the suicidality of older men. Thirty-three men aged 80 years or more took part in a semistructured focus group or interview, and/or completed a survey. Participants were asked about the issues facing older men, well-being and aging, physical health challenges, social support, mental health and help-seeking, and suicide and suicide prevention. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/forskolin.html Five themes emerged "finding out we're not invincible," "active and tough," "strong silent types," "decision makers," and "right to die." Participants spoke about masculine norms that had influenced their lives as providers and decision makers, and now influenced how they coped with aging and their journey toward death. For some participants, suicide was seen to be a rational alternative to dependence in their final years.