https://www.selleckchem.com/products/d-lin-mc3-dma.html The introduction of MUP in Scotland was associated with a 3.5% [95% confidence interval (CI)=2.2-4.9%] reduction in off-trade alcohol sales per adult after adjustment for the best available geographical control, disposable income and substitution. In unadjusted analysis, the introduction of MUP was associated with a 2.0% (95% CI=0.4-3.6%) reduction in off-trade alcohol sales per adult in Scotland. In EW, there was a 2.4% (95% CI=0.8-4.0%) increase during the same time-period. The reduction in off-trade alcohol sales in Scotland was driven by reduced sales of spirits, cider and perry beverage categories. The implementation of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland in 2018 appears to have been associated with a reduction in off-trade alcohol sales after its first year. The implementation of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland in 2018 appears to have been associated with a reduction in off-trade alcohol sales after its first year.The 2-in-1 adaptive design allows seamless expansion of an ongoing Phase II trial into a Phase III trial to expedite a drug development program. Since its publication, it has generated a lot of interest. So far, most of the related research focused on type I error control. Similar to most adaptive designs, 2-in-1 design could also pose a great challenge on estimation of treatment effect due to the data-driven adaptation. In addition, the use of intermediate endpoint for interim adaptive decision-making is a less well-studied field. In this paper, we investigate the bias and variances in estimation for 2-in-1 design and some of its extensions, and propose some bias-adjusted estimators for 2-in-1 design. The properties of the proposed estimators are further studied theoretically and/or numerically, so as to provide guidance on how to interpret the estimated treatment effect of 2-in-1 design.Over the past decade, invention and adoption of novel multiplexing technologies for ti