https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ezm0414.html Objective Evidence for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise is mainly based on transgenic mouse models with chronic (lifelong) disruption of AMPK function. Findings based on such models are potentially biased by secondary effects related to a chronic lack of AMPK function. In an attempt to study the direct effect(s) of AMPK on muscle metabolism during exercise, we generated a new mouse model with inducible muscle-specific deletion of AMPKα catalytic subunits in adult mice. Methods Tamoxifen-inducible and muscle-specific AMPKα1/α2 double KO mice (AMPKα imdKO) were generated by using the Cre/loxP system, and the driver of Cre was the human skeletal muscle actin (HSA) promoter. Results During treadmill running at the same relative exercise intensity, AMPKα imdKO mice showed greater depletion of muscle ATP, which was associated with accumulation of the deamination product IMP. Muscle-specific deletion of AMPKα in adult mice promptly reduced maximal running speed and muscle glycogen content and was associated with reduced expression of UGP2, a key component of the glycogen synthesis pathway. Muscle mitochondrial respiration, whole-body substrate utilization, and muscle glucose uptake and fatty acid (FA) oxidation during muscle contractile activity remained unaffected by muscle-specific deletion AMPKα subunits in adult mice. Conclusions Inducible deletion of AMPKα subunits in adult mice reveals that AMPK is required for maintaining muscle ATP levels and nucleotide balance during exercise but is dispensable for regulating muscle glucose uptake, FA oxidation, and substrate utilization during exercise.Objective Investigations of autophagy in β-cells have usually focused on its homeostatic function. More dynamic roles in inhibiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), potentially involving remodelling of cellular lipids, have been suggested from in vitro