This article aims to review the pertinent anatomy, etiopathogenesis, current clinical and radiological concepts and principles of management in case of upper limb entrapment neuropathies.
 
  The review is based on critical analysis of the existing literature as well as our experience in dealing with entrapment neuropathies.
 
  Entrapment neuropathies of the upper limb peripheral nerves are common conditions that are often misdiagnosed because of their varying clinical presentations and lack of standardized diagnostic methods. Clinical assessment and electrodiagnostic studies have been the mainstay; however, imaging techniques have provided newer insights into the pathophysiology of these entities, leading to a paradigm shift in their diagnosis and management. The current best practice protocols for entrapment syndromes are constantly evolving with increasing emphasis on the role high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Many imaging criteria are described and we have tried to present the most validated measurements for diagnosing entrapment neuropathies.
 
  It is imperative for a clinical radiologist to be familiar with the etiopathogenesis and clinical features of these conditions, in addition to being thorough with the anatomy and the latest imaging strategies.
 It is imperative for a clinical radiologist to be familiar with the etiopathogenesis and clinical features of these conditions, in addition to being thorough with the anatomy and the latest imaging strategies.
  Risk of adverse events from neurosurgical diagnoses is high. It is not well described whether there are any demographic, admission, or discharge factors that are associated with inpatient or post-discharge mortality outcomes in neurosurgical patients. The aim of this study is to identify the differences in predictors of mortality during inpatient stay and within 30 days of discharge.
 
  This was a single-institution, retrospective cohort analysis of mortality. Our patient cohort of 11,477 was defined as all adult patients who were discharged (dead or alive) from an inpatient stay between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018, and were either admitted to a neurosurgical service or underwent a neurosurgical procedure during that admission.
 
  Out of 11,477 patients, 224 (1.95 %) and 290 (2.53 %) died inpatient and within 30 days of discharge, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of inpatient mortality were older age, female gender, diagnostic group, high present on admission severity of illness (POA-SOI) and present on admission risk of mortality (POA-ROM), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and palliative care consult (all p < 0.05). The predictors of mortality within 30-day discharge were older age, admission urgency, admission specialty type, palliative care consult, and discharge disposition (all p < 0.01).
 
  Older age and palliative care consult were significant predictors of both inpatient and within 30 days of discharge mortality. Admission SOI (>3) and ROM (>3) and ICU care were significant predictors for inpatient mortality while discharge disposition (home health, skilled nursing facility) was important for 30-day mortality.
 3) and ICU care were significant predictors for inpatient mortality while discharge disposition (home health, skilled nursing facility) was important for 30-day mortality.
  Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a commonly-used treatment option for medically-refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with arterial neurovascular compression. Pain control and recurrence rates after MVD in patients with purely venous compression are not well understood. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we studied outcomes after MVD in patients with purely venous compression and reviewed the operative management in these patients.
 
  We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for studies reporting surgical outcomes after MVD for purely venous compression. Pain control and recurrence rates were extracted and summarized. Studies that reported outcomes after mobilization/decompression compared with coagulation/transection of compressive veins were reviewed.
 
  We identified and included 24 studies with a total of 330 patients in this rther studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment paradigm for patients with purely venous compression.Behavioral and brain imaging studies speak to commonalities between reading and math. Here, we investigated relationships between individual differences in reading and math ability (single word reading and calculation) with brain anatomy (cortical thickness and surface area) in 342 participants between 6-22 years of age from the NIH Pediatric MRI Database. We found no brain-behavioral correlations in the full sample. When dividing the dataset into three age-specific subgroups, cortical thickness of the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and fusiform gyrus (FG) correlated with reading ability in the oldest subgroup (15-22 years) only. Next, we tested unique contributions of these educational measures to neuroanatomy. Single word reading ability, age, and their interaction all contributed unique variance to cortical thickness in the left SMG and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Age, and the interaction between age and reading, predicted cortical thickness in the left FG.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html  However, regression analyses for math ability showed no relationships with cortical thickness; nor for math or reading ability with surface area. Overall, our results demonstrate relationships between cortical thickness and reading ability in emerging adults, but not in younger age groups. Surprisingly, there were no such relationships with math, and hence no convergence between the reading and math results.Oral cancer is the sixteenth most common cancer globally, with a relatively poor five-year survival rate of 50%. Thus it is imperative to understand the biology of oral cancer and examine alternative prognostic and therapeutic targets for oral cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs mediating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through mRNA degradation or translational repression. miRNAs play an essential role in cancer development and oncogenic cell processes. miRNA deregulation is observed in oral cancer and associated with prognosis. However, the role of miRNAs and their clinical implications in oral cancer is not clear. The current review highlights the miRNA profile of oral cancer and discusses the diagnostic, prognostic and potential therapeutic targets with clinical implications. miRNAs mediate activation or suppression of signalling pathways associated with oral cancer. Hence, a panel of select deregulated miRNAs may indicate clinicopathological features, personalised treatment outcome and provide novel lead profiles of oral cancer.