https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pfi-3.html Few outcomes in surgery are as important to patients as that of their neurologic status. The purpose of this review is to discuss and categorize the most common perioperative neurologic complications. We will also discuss strategies to help prevent and mitigate these complications for our patients. There are several strategies the anesthesiologist can undertake to prevent or treat conditions, such as perioperative neurocognitive disorders, spinal cord ischemia, perioperative stroke, and postoperative visual loss. A thorough understanding of threats to patients' neurologic well-being is essential to excellent clinical practice. A thorough understanding of threats to patients' neurologic well-being is essential to excellent clinical practice. Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) may render patients at a risk of cerebral hypoperfusion with decreasing cerebral blood flow (CBF), and lead to postoperative neurological injury. On the basis of the literature in recent years, this review attempts to refine the definition of IOH and evaluate its impact on neurological outcomes. Although both absolute and relative blood pressure (BP) thresholds, with or without a cumulative period, have been used in collective clinical studies, no definitive threshold of IOH has been established for neurological complications, including perioperative stroke, postoperative cognitive disorder and delirium. The CBF is jointly modulated by multiple pressure processes (i.e. cerebral pressure autoregulation) and nonpressure processes, including patient, surgical and anaesthesia-related confounding factors. The confounding factors and variability in cerebral pressure autoregulation might impede evaluating the effect of IOH on the neurological outcomes. Furthermore, the majority of the evidence presented in this review are cohort studies, which are weak in demonstrating a cause--effect relationship between IOH and neurological complications. The maintenance