https://www.selleckchem.com/products/talabostat.html An established pig lung transplantation model was used to study the effects of cold ischemia time, normothermic acellular ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) and reperfusion after lung transplantation on l-arginine/NO metabolism in lung tissue. Lung tissue homogenates were analyzed for NO metabolite (NOx) concentrations by chemiluminescent NO-analyzer technique, and l-arginine, l-ornithine, l-citrulline and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The expression of arginase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in lung was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. EVLP preservation resulted in a significant decrease in concentrations of NOx and l-citrulline, both products of NOS, at the end of EVLP and after reperfusion following transplantation, compared to control, respectively. The ratio of l-ornithine over l-citrulline, a marker of the balance between l-arginine metabolizing enzymes, was increased in the EVLP group prior to reperfusion. The expression of both arginase isoforms was increased from baseline 1 h post reperfusion in EVLP but not in the no-EVLP group. These data suggest that EVLP results in a shift of the l-arginine balance towards arginase, leading to NO deficiency in the lung. The arginase/NOS balance may, therefore, represent a therapeutic target to improve lung quality during EVLP and, subsequently, transplant outcomes.Despite the obvious sex differences in many of the most common neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, males and females are still often treated the same from a clinical perspective. Why is that? The simple answer is that there is still too little known about this very complex matter. Sex hormone signaling, genetic sex, sex-biased comorbidities, and social gender perceptions all interact, making discrimination between the impacts of each of these factors hard to evaluate. Adding to the complexity is that