https://www.selleckchem.com/products/incb059872-dihydrochloride.html This review highlights the potential and challenges for the use of anthocyanins as pH-responsive color-changing films for intelligent food packaging applications, which may be beneficial for further development of smart color indicator films for practical use.Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum) is an important pathogen specific to avian species, which poses a serious threat to the poultry industry. The transmission of S. Pullorum occurs both horizontally and vertically, but the airborne transmission of S. Pullorum has been neglected historically. In this study, the effects of aerosolized S. Pullorum were investigated on young chickens. The results showed that the colonization and morbidity induced by bioaerosol infection are dose dependent. The bacteria colonized in chicken lung for more than 14 days on exposure of ≥ 1.25 × 106 cfu/m3 of aerosolized S. Pullorum. Tachypnea and depression were present in all the chickens between 5-7 days after infection, and some died, on exposure of ≥ 1.25 × 108 cfu/m3 of aerosolized S. Pullorum. RT-PCR results showed that significant expressions of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-8 were noted in the lung and spleen. Histopathological examination showed lung swelling, with obvious lesions, including inflammatory cell infiltration, tissue injury, and acute hemorrhage. These results suggest that uncontrolled and detrimental inflammation is caused by high dose of aerosolized S. Pullorum. These results further extend our understanding of the pathogenicity of air-transmitted S. Pullorum on chickens. Research Highlights Aerosolized S. Pullorum caused tachypnea, depression and lung swelling of chicken; The colonization and morbidity caused by aerosolized S. Pullorum are dose dependent; Detrimental inflammation is caused by high doses of aerosolized S. Pullorum in lung.Vaccinations are cri