https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rsl3.html Resveratrol affords protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases via activation of SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase. However, the low bioavailability of resveratrol limits its therapeutic applications. Since piceatannol is a hydroxyl analog of resveratrol with higher bioavailability, it could be an alternative to resveratrol. In this study, we compared the cytotoxicity, antioxidative activity, and mechanisms of cytoprotection of piceatannol with those of resveratrol. In C2C12 cells incubated with piceatannol, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis showed that piceatannol was present in the intracellular fraction. A high concentration (50 μM) of piceatannol, but not resveratrol, induced mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis. However, piceatannol at 10 μM inhibited the increase in mitochondrial ROS level induced by antimycin A, and this ROS reduction was greater than that by resveratrol. The reduction in hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS by piceatannol was also greater thanprotection. Protection by piceatannol against apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species was superior to that by resveratrol. In addition to the sirtuin 1-dependent pathway, piceatannol exerted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1-mediated antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects, which could be an advantage of piceatannol compared with resveratrol.Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of sulfur metabolism. Clinical features generally include devastating neurologic dysfunction, ectopia lentis, and increased urinary excretion of sulfite, thiosulfate, and S-sulfocysteine. Missed diagnosis is not unusual because of variability in the sensitivity of the urinary sulfite and thiosulfate screening test. We present clinical, biochemical, and molecular data on two unrelated patients with isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency. The two patients belong to an Indige