https://www.selleckchem.com/products/blu-667.html 5%; p = .001). To assess the influence of HI on outcomes, the sample was grouped into 3 conditions HI (at least 1 significant head injury during trauma), NHI (denied head injuries, but reported serious nonhead injuries), and NI (denied any injury). All injury groups improved on PTSD and depressive symptoms with no moderation of group. Conclusion Most individuals exposed to violence experienced at least 1 head injury, with higher rates in those assaulted by an intimate partner. The experience of HI did not negatively impact recovery from PTSD, including with participants histories of multiple head injuries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Memory problems are a frequent complaint in neuropsychological settings, particularly among individuals in mid-to-late adulthood and those who have experienced neurological insult (e.g., head trauma; Bay et al., 2012; Lezak et al., 2004; Wammes et al., 2017). Neuropsychiatric comorbidities that influence cognitive functioning (e.g., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress) are also common among neuropsychological patients, which can challenge interpreting etiology and predicting prognosis (Campbell et al., 2009; Reischies & Neu, 2000). Prolonged trauma exposure is associated with brain abnormalities in regions that subserve memory and executive functions (Daniels et al., 2016; Woon et al., 2010). Furthermore, a subgroup of individuals with trauma exposure experience dissociative symptoms, which can also interfere with memory and performing goal-directed behaviors (Bergouignan et al., 2014; Brewin et al., 2013; Özdemir et al., 2015). Method In this article, we focus on symptoms that are consistent with dissociation and present three case studies of trauma-exposed women who were referred for neuropsychological testing following complaints of memory decline. Results Formal neuropsychological testing did not fully support the degree of amnestic sy