https://n-ethylmaleimide.com/frequency-regarding-enterobius-vermicularis-infections-along-with-potential-risk-elements/ g., DMDS or 2-MIB), as well as the modification of PAC, intending at more cost-effective odor treatment. This paper aims to elucidate the part of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in managing anion and cation levels and toxicity towards microorganisms in anaerobic granular sludges modified to reduced (0.22 M of Na+) and large salinity (0.87 M of Na+). The ion change properties of EPS had been studied with a novel approach, where EPS had been entangled with an inert binder (PVDF-HFP) to create a membrane and characterized in an electrodialysis mobile. With a combination of NaCl and KCl salts the EPS membrane had been proven to act as a cation exchange membrane layer (CEM) with a current performance of ∼80%, meaning that EPS don't work as perfect CEM. Remarkably, the membrane had selectivity for transportation of K+ in comparison to Na+ with a separation factor ( [Formula see text] ) of 1.3. These properties had been compared to a layer prepared from a model element of EPS (alginate) and a commercial CEM. The alginate layer had a similar current efficiency (∼80%.), but even greater [Formula see text] of 1.9, while the commercial CEM failed to show selectivity towards K+ or Na+, but exhibited the greatest existing performance of 92%. The selectivity of EPS and alginate towards K+ transportation features interesting prospective programs for ion separation from liquid channels and really should be additional examined. The anion repelling and cation binding properties of EPS in hydrated and dehydrated granules had been more verified with microscopy (SEM-EDX, epifluorescence) and ion chromatography (ICP-OES, IC) practices. Results of certain methanogenic activity (SMA) tests conducted with 0.22 and 0.87 M Na+ modified granular sludges and with various monovalent salts suggested that ions which are preferentially transported by EPS are even more tox