https://www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html n experience and more standardized perioperative care. III. III. Spinal deformities in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)are measured on 2D radiographs. Due to the 3D nature of the curvein AIS, such 2D measurements fail to differentiate between the truecurve patterns, which in turn may adverslyimpact the clinical care and surgical planning. The use of 3D models of the spinal radiographs largely remains limited to the 3D measurements of the 2D parameters. The use of the true 3D variables of the spinal curves in describing the differences between the AIS patients is not fully explored. A cohort of 141 Lenke 1 AIS with two-view spinal stereoradiographs and 3D models of the spines were included. The 3D model of the spine was used to determine the spinal centerlines. The writhe and torsion of the 3D centerlines, which, respectively, quantify the coiling and twist of the curve, were calculated using differential geometry. Patients were clustered based on the writhe and torsion values to determine the patient groups with significantly different 3D curve characteristics. Thcharacteristics of the scoliotic spines. Validation study. Scoliosis Research Society-30 (SRS-30), Milwaukee-USA, questionnaire is a useful and valid instrument for evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) including pain in idiopathic scoliosis. There has not been a single validation or translation attempt of any of the SRS questionnaires in Indian languages until now. The objective of this study was to translate and cross culturally adapt SRS-30 questionnaire in one of the widely spoken south Indian language, Kannada for its accuracy. The permission for the cross cultural adaptation and validation of SRS-30 questionnaire into Kannada language was taken from the Scoliosis Research Society, Milwaukee, USA. The American Association of Orthopaedic Surgery and the international quality of life assessment (IQOLA) guidelines were us