Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction A ramp for wheelchairs can be a valuable device to aid a loved one live more independently at home. If not designed correctly they could be dangerous to use. ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction to avoid compound slopes. They must also provide an area that is grippy for wheelchair users. Design The ramp's design must be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs comfortably navigate the structure. For instance, the ramp's slope must not exceed the ratio 1:12 and must have landings that are level at any angle or shift in the ramp's surface. The ramp must also be constructed out of treated lumber that is more robust and can withstand precipitation much better than untreated lumber. The top and bottom of the ramp should be free of obstacles such as bushes, trees or other structures that could hinder the safe movement of the ramp's user. Additionally, the surface of the ramp must be hard and non-slip. Some municipalities require an anti-slip running surface on the entire length of the ramp. Use treated lumber of at minimum 4 inches in width for the frame of the ramp. Build posts to secure the ramp, ensuring they are at minimum eight feet apart and that they extend below the ground level. The posts must then be connected to the ramp's railings using spindles. This kind of connection is preferred since it reduces the risk of an operator of the ramp falling off the side of the ramp. Then, you can build the frame of the ramp with beams of 2 by 4 inches in length and Joists that are at least 16 inches long. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and are secured using hangers for joists, which are nails that bind the inside of the joists to stop them from sliding out of alignment. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer. Add an upper landing to the doorway to ensure the wheelchair-bound occupants are able to easily maneuver the doorswing. The landing should be wide enough to give at least 12-24 inches of "elbow space" on the handle side for out-swing doors. The landing for doors with in-swinging must be 58 by 60 inches to accommodate the threshold of the door and wheelchair users who need to walk backwards in the doorway. Install a level landing whenever you change in ramp direction to avoid the necessity for wheelchairs to hit on their brakes while turning corners. A level landing makes it easier to remove a ramp of the path if needed, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can be able to pass underneath it. Materials The material used to build a wheelchair ramp can be either concrete, wood or aluminum. A professional ramp installer will assist you in choosing the right option for your office or home. It is essential to take into consideration your budget and needs when selecting the materials for the ramp. The ramp must also be simple to maintain and safe for use. https://www.mymobilityscooters.uk/categories/wheelchair-ramps require that the ramp be paved with an anti-slip surface. Be sure to inquire with your local government for permits prior to building or purchasing any materials. Also, make sure to follow all local building codes. The wrong materials or construction techniques can create dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find up-to-date construction regulations in your local government building department, library or on the internet. Wood ramps can be the most affordable alternative for ADA ramp materials. However, they require more maintenance. Wood ramps should be treated regularly with an adhesive to prevent decay. Wood splinters can be a problem, and could be particularly dangerous for wheelchair users. Wood ramps may also require additional support in order to maintain the structure. Concrete ramps can be expensive however they are durable and long lasting. They are also heavy, which means more labor to install and makes moving the ramp after it is no longer needed difficult. Concrete ramps are sturdy enough to support the weight of power wheelchairs. Aluminum ramps are lighter than concrete or steel however they possess the same strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also cheaper than iron or steel and are an ideal choice for those on a limited budget. Aluminum is a green choice because it is found in the Earth's crust naturally and is recyclable. The ramp's upper landing needs to be in a level area or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door, allowing wheelchairs with smaller wheels to move over the ramp without becoming stuck. Ramps with a gap that is larger than this will not meet ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly between the landing area and the ground surface. The ramp's last section should have a beveled edge to ensure that wheelchairs don't stop abruptly when entering or leaving the home. Installation A wheelchair ramp is an inclined plane that is used on top of or in place of stairs. It allows wheelchair users and people who use strollers or carts to access areas that would otherwise be difficult to reach, such as a front door or a set up of steep steps. When choosing a wheelchair accessible ramp, there are many factors to consider, including the location, height and price. The ramp should be located as close as possible to the door to avoid unnecessary traveling. It should be located at a height that the person using it can easily walk on it. It should be securely anchored to the floor and clear of obstructions, such as shrubbery, parked cars or other obstacles. ADA regulations require that ramps should have handrails on either side. The rails must be at minimum 36" apart and have an even or smooth gripping surface. They should also be connected to the edge of the ramp, and extend 12 inches beyond the ramp. If a ramp is equipped with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout handrails must be continuous between the ramp's runs. The length of the ramp is determined by its slope. However there are a few common ramp types that can be used for most situations. For example, a threshold ramp sits directly on the lip of a curb or the threshold of a doorway while portable ramps can be moved from one place to another and are available in many different sizes. Modular aluminum ramps may also be built on-site. These ramps are usually employed in public or commercial areas and are typically longer. Consult with your city's building department to determine whether a permit is required for an enduring ramp. It is also advisable to speak with an expert in mobility about the type of ramp that is best for your space and needs. In some instances the installation of an ongoing ramp could increase the value of your home. Maintenance It's important to make sure your ramp for wheelchairs is maintained, especially if you will be using it often. You'll need to perform regular inspections and address any structural issues as they arise. This will ensure that the ramp complies all ADA requirements and is safe for users. Regularly cleaning wooden ramps is essential to remove dirt and debris that can block access. Cleaning the ramp regularly will also stop moisture from accumulating beneath the surface and creating the onset of rot. Stains and wood preservatives only work when the ramp is cleaned prior to applying. Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps because they are more prone to wear and tear. The most important thing to do is ensure that you have the right tools for the job. A good set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be vital to ensure that all fixings are secure and secure. It's also important to check regularly the handrails to ensure they are in a good condition and do not show signs of corrosion or damage. It's possible that, over time, with repeated usage, some of the bolts and fittings that secure the handrails may loosen and cause a major safety concern for those who use the ramp. Another crucial aspect is to ensure that the ramp's surface has sufficient grip, particularly during winter when conditions may be challenging. You'll need to remove any leaves, dirt and other debris that could block the surface and cause slippage. It is also recommended to apply an ice melt that's non-corrosive on the ramp surface to avoid injuries and slipping. If you're planning on using your ramp during winter months, you should consider purchasing wheels for traction or "snow tires" for your wheelchair. These are specifically designed to offer better tracking on uneven surfaces and snow, so they'll be more efficient than standard wheelchair tires in aiding you to stay on the ramp. You can also utilize heating pads or tape to melt the snow and ice on the ramp prior to it builds up.