https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hg-9-91-01.html Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic drug, is usually administered intravenously; however, intra-articular administration has recently been proven to be as effective as intravenous administration. Limited information regarding the pharmacokinetics (PK) of TXA after intra-articular administration has been reported. The aim of this study was to develop a population PK model of TXA administered as a single intra-articular dose and as two intravenous doses, and to study the sources of interindividual variability (IIV) in the PK processes of TXA. The developed model was used to simulate PK profiles of TXA at different dosage regimens and in patients with renal impairment. Patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) received 1g/10 mL (concentration of 100 mg/mL) of TXA applied directly to the surgical field before wound closure, or 2g (two doses of 1g) of intravenous TXA. A population PK model was developed using a nonlinear mixed-effects approach and sources of IIV, such as sintra-articular TXA can achieve antifibrinolytic plasma concentrations of the drug for 8h, providing both local and systemic effects in patients undergoing TKR. TXA administration to the surgical field could be an alternative to the intravenous; route for patients undergoing TKR; however, clinical studies are needed to assess the toxic local effects of TXA. Spanish Clinical Studies Registry Number 2017-004059-22. Date of registration 12 April 2018. Spanish Clinical Studies Registry Number 2017-004059-22. Date of registration 12 April 2018. Frailty, demographic and clinical variables linked to incident diseases (e.g., dehydration, inflammation) contribute to poor outcomes in older patients acutely hospitalized. Their predictivity on short-, intermediate- and long-term mortality in a comprehensive model has been scarcely investigated. To test the performance of a predictive tool considering frailty and inflammation as