Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by the intracellular parasite Leishmania infantum. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) exerts potent regulatory effects on the immune system in experimental model Leishmania infection, but this influence has not yet been studied in CanL. In this study, PGE2 and PGE2 receptor levels and the regulatory effect of PGE2 on arginase activity, NO2 , IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and parasite load were evaluated in cultures of splenic leucocytes obtained from dogs with CanL in the presence of agonists and inhibitors. Our results showed that splenic leucocytes from dogs with CanL had lower EP2 receptor levels than those of splenic leucocytes from healthy animals. We observed that NO2 levels decreased when the cells were treated with a PGE2 receptor agonist (EP1/EP2/EP3) or COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) and that TNF-α, IL-17 and IFN-γ cytokine levels decreased when the cells were treated with a PGE2 receptor agonist (EP2) or PGE2 itself. The parasite load in splenic leucocyte cell cultures from dogs with CanL decreased after stimulation of the cells with PGE2 . We conclude that Leishmania infection of dogs modulates PGE2 receptors and speculate that the binding of PGE2 to its receptors may activate the microbicidal capacity of cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker derivative, is frequently used by patients with high blood pressure. Studies reported that it can induce gingival overgrowth. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully described yet. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is known as a proinflammatory cytokine, but current studies indicate that it has a role in fibrotic disorders and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study was to figure out the possible role of IL-17A in amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine (29) individuals participated in the study, and they were assigned into 3 groups based on medical status and clinical periodontal examination; 9 patients with amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth, 11 patients with inflammatory gingival overgrowth, and 9 healthy individuals as a control group. Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival overgrowth index (GOI) were recorded. Blood and gingivalithin the study groups. CONCLUSION In this study, elevated IL-17A expression regardless of inflammation shows that amlodipine might cause an increase of IL-17A in gingival tissues. This increase might induce fibrotic changes and EMT in gingival overgrowth tissues. The association of IL-17A with fibrosis and EMT in gingival tissues requires further investigation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Lilium lancifolium is native to Northeast Asia and its bulbs have been used for medicinal treatment. Moreover, Japan has been using L. lancifolium bulbs more actively as food ingredients than Korea. Therefore, this study was to investigate the characteristics of Korean L. lancifolium bulbs, with respect to food component and functionality. As a result of proximate composition analysis, L. lancifolium bulbs have an abundant carbohydrate content. HPLC analysis indicated p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid contents of Korean L.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abc294640.html  lancifolium extract were 1.14 ± 0.01, 1.46 ± 0.00 mg/g, but only p-coumaric acid was less detected in Japanese extract. Also, Korean L. lancifolium bulbs extract exhibited significant antioxidant effects, as evaluated with antioxidant activity and compound, than Japanese extract. Furthermore, Korean L. lancifolium bulbs extract significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory protein expressions through MyD88 dependent pathway. Therefore, these results suggested Korean L. lancifolium bulbs have the odicals, Inc.in Bulgarian BACKGROUND Dentists are considered to have a high risk of developing skin symptoms due to occupational contact with irritants and/or allergens. OBJECTIVES To assess the point prevalence of work-related skin symptoms and associated factors in Bulgarian dentists. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed by using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 4675 dentists filled the questionnaire (response 48.1%). The point prevalence of self-reported skin symptoms was 31.6%. According to logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with work-related skin symptoms included a personal history of atopic dermatitis (odds ratio (OR) 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.24-3.31), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.56-2.19), work experience >30 years (OR 2.21, 95%CI 1.78-2.74), personal history of contact allergy (OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.48-2.17), female gender (OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.59-2.19), hand washing >8 times a day (OR 1.32, 95%CI 1.03-1.69), daily contact ≥4 hours with protective gloves (OR 2.09, 95%CI 1.64-2.67), and use >10 pairs of gloves per day (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.11-2.04). CONCLUSION Bulgarian dentists have a high prevalence of work-related skin symptoms. History of atopic dermatitis, prolonged work experience and protective gloves use were the strongest risk factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are conceptualized as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) as the most severe. Many find it more difficult to characterize behavioral and cognitive effects of exposure on the central nervous system when physical signs are not present. In the current study an operational definition of Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder is examined to determine its usefulness in discrimination of children classified as ARND based on behavior (ARND/B) and cognition (ARND/C) from children in four contrast groups, 1) Children exposed to study-defined "risky drinking"; 2) Children with any reported PAE; 3) Children classified as "Higher Risk" for developmental problems; and 4) Children classified as "Lower Risk". METHOD 1842 children seen as part of a surveillance study (May, Chambers, et al., 2018) were evaluated for alcohol exposure, physical characteristics of FAS, and completed neurodevelopmental testing. Ninety one were identified as either ARND/B or ARND/C and contrasted with other groups to further identify distinguishing patterns.