https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alflutinib-ast2818-mesylate.html Both CD8+ T cells and NK cells contribute to the immune response against the protozoan Leishmania parasite. Both are able to generate IFN-γ and both display cytotoxic features. These features may enable them to not only contribute to parasite clearance but also to cause immune-mediated pathology. This pathology is evident, for example, in the Leismania-induced skin lesions found in patients with cutaneous leismaniasis (CL). Here we highlight new data demonstrating that CD8+ T cells and NK cells in CL display a highly cytotoxic senescent phenotype, and that the senescent T cells play a major role in mediating skin pathology. This is the first demonstration that senescent CD8 T cells contribute to immunopathology in vivo. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Randomized controlled trials, being published in English and investigating the associations of at least 4 weeks intervention of citrus and/or its extracts on weight loss among adults, were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane by June 2019 to conduct a meta-analysis. Thirteen articles, including 921 participants, were selected and evaluated by modified Jadad scale. Pooled results by the random-effects model showed that citrus and/or its extracts administration significantly reduced 1.280 kg body weight (95% CI -1.818 to -0.741, p = 0.000, I2 = 81.4%), 0.322 kg/m2 BMI (95% CI -0.599 to -0.046, p = 0.022, I2 = 87.0%), 2.185 cm WC (95% CI -3.804 to -0.566, p = 0.008, I2 = 98.3%), and 2.137 cm HC (95% CI -3.775 to -0.500, p = 0.011, I2 = 96.2%), respectively, but no significantly decreased effects on WHR and body fat were observed. Subgroup analysis deduced the different effects of study location, intervention duration on body weight associated indices. No publication bias was observed. Our meta-analysis supported the beneficial effects of citrus and/or its extracts supplement on body weight control, and future well-designed studies are