The same ewes were treated a second time after housing 2018. The lambs were grazed with these ewes in summer 2018 and after weaning they were treated and moved to another clean pasture during the fall 2018. Anthelmintic resistance was also confirmed on two occasions to different compounds of ivermectin and once to albendazole, but not to levamisole which was tested twice. In conclusion, this is the first description of triple resistance to AH drugs in GIN of sheep in Sweden.Parasitological and immunological responses to the experimentally induced Haemonchus contortus infection were compared between Garole and Sahabadi breeds of sheep. The experiment was conducted in a 2 (breed) × 2 (infection status) factorial arrangement with a completely randomised design. Two breeds of sheep were divided into infected (n = 10) and control (n = 6) groups, and the infected groups were orally infected with H. contortus (500 stage 3 larvae per kilogram of body weight). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined from 18 days post infection (DPI) at 3-day intervals until 42 DPI. Average daily body weight gain, packed cell volume (PCV), concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, IgG2, IgE and peripheral eosinophil count were measured at 14-day intervals from 0 to 42 DPI. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to somatic antigen of H. contortus was determined by in vitro lymphoproliferation assay, and concentrations of interferon gama (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in lymphocyte culture supernatant were measured at 14-day intervals until 42 DPI. Variables were analysed using the repeated measures mixed model procedure over DPI. Faecal egg count was significantly (p less then 0.01) lower in Garole sheep than Sahabadi sheep and no faecal eggs were detected in the infected Garole sheep on 30 DPI. Infected Garole sheep had significantly (p less then 0.05) higher body weight gain and PCV% than the infected Sahabadi sheep. In the infected Garole sheep, serum Ig except IgE increased significantly (p less then 0.05) compared to infected Sahabadi sheep. On 28 DPI, peripheral eosinophil number, in vitro lymphoproliferation as well as concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in culture supernatant were significantly (p less then 0.05) higher in the infected Garole sheep than in the infected Sahabadi sheep. Parasitological observations indicated that Garole sheep were resistant to H. contortus and they exhibited greater cellular as well as humoral immune responses compared to Sahabadi sheep.Mammalian lice are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that remain on the host throughout the life cycle. This study showed an endangered wild howler species (Alouatta belzebul) parasitized by Pediculus mjobergi. Twenty-seven primates were rescued during wildlife rescue activities in the process of vegetation suppression at the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHE), located on the lower Xingu River, in the Brazilian Amazon basin. Among the 27 primates examined from two vegetal formations (alluvial rainforest and liana-infested forest) areas, 13 (48.15%) were parasitized by lice with all positive primates being from alluvial rainforest. Optical and scanning electron microscopy allowed the visualization of the structures and the diagnostic characters of the lice species in greater detail expanding the current description. These results highlight the importance of considering ecological and regional features to provide a better understanding of the factors that promote parasitism.The study aimed at assessing the prevalence of toxoplasmosis due to T. gondii in dromedaries by the ELISA test and to identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study was performed on 320 dromedaries (Camelus dromedaries) from January to March 2018 in four provinces of southeastern Algeria (Biskra, El- Oued, Ouargla, and Ghardaia). A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on individual characteristics, husbandry management and health conditions. The ELISA test revealed an overall seroprevalence of 15% (CI95% 11.5-19.33). Possible factors associated with T. gondii infection were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Age, husbandry system, and study area were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Increased seropositivity was observed in old animals older than 10 years (OR = 2.81; CI 1.51-3.87; p = 0.003), two times higher in animals living in the intensive husbandry system (OR = 2.42; CI 1.3-3.07; p = 0.003), and four times higher in animals living in Biskra (OR = 4.2; CI 1.21-9.85; p = 0.0001) than other provinces. The identification of the risk factors determines the type of measures and strategies to be applied to reduce, control and prevent T. gondii infection in dromedaries and thereby reducing human infection risks.Cryptosporidiosis in pigs is caused by different Cryptosporidium species or genotypes, with C. suis and C. scrofarum considered porcine specific species. There is scarce information on Cryptosporidium infection in pigs in South America. A total of 520 individual faecal samples were obtained from 1, 2, 3 and 4 week old piglets (n = 130 from each age group), from 13 Argentinean intensive pig farms. The diagnosis of species of Cryptosporidium combined microscopy and molecular techniques. Genotyping from samples with Cryptosporidium oocysts at microscopy was performed by genus-specific and species-specific nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene fragments, and sequencing. Microscopic analysis detected Cryptosporidium oocysts in 47/520 (9%) faecal samples from 11/13 (85%) farms, with farm infection rates between 0 and 17.5%. Presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was associated with diarrhea. The proportion of microscopically positive samples was not associated with piglet age. A total of 15/47 (32% of samples with oocyst compatible structures) were positive by genus and species-specific nested PCR. Species-specific PCR and sequencing showed presence of C.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/s64315-mik665.html  suis, C. scrofarum, and both species in 3, 8 and 4 samples, respectively. The proportion of positive samples on each specific PCR was similar between age groups, being C. suis proportion slightly higher in 4 week old piglets. The use of molecular tools allowed the confirmation of C. suis and C. scrofarum infection in Argentinean pigs. Cryptosporidiosis was widely distributed in the main pig husbandry area from Argentina, with a low to moderate intra farm infection rate.