This study aimed to develop/evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI-A) and estimate the prevalence of TMDs in prospective orthodontic patients.
 
  The FAI-A was derived by forward-backward translation/cross-cultural adaption of the English FAI. Psychometric assessment of the FAI-A was performed with 308 orthodontic patients. Reliability was established via internal consistency and test-retest techniques, whereas, validity was verified by construct and convergent validity.
 
  Cronbach's alpha value for the FAI-A was 0.77, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.99. For construct validity, the distribution of eigenvalues indicated that three items (mouth opening difficulty, jaw movement difficulty, and jaw fatigue) accounted for 60.5% of the total variance observed. For convergent validity, the FAI-A items were significantly correlated to the global question.
 
  The FAI-A showed good reliability/validity and may be useful for screening TMDs. About 17% of prospective orthodontic patients presented with moderate-to-severe TMD symptoms.
 The FAI-A showed good reliability/validity and may be useful for screening TMDs. About 17% of prospective orthodontic patients presented with moderate-to-severe TMD symptoms.Deep Eutectic Solvents have been specially designed, and used for the extraction of phenolics from olive tree (Olea europea) leaves. 11 deep eutectic solvents containing a hydrogen bond donor (glycerol, ethylene glycol, lactic acid, urea, dimethyl urea and D-sorbitol) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (L-proline, citric acid, glycerol, ethylimidazole and methylimidazole) with several molar ratios have been designed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bal-0028.html  Addition of water into the solvent system increased the extraction efficiency by a remarkable difference (45%). After the best combination has been decided to extract the primary phenolic (oleuropein), operation conditions (water content in the deep eutectic solvent, speed of the homogenizer and time for the extraction) of the homogenizer-aided extraction (HAEX) for olive leaf extract has been optimized through Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Approach. The experimental yields of oleuropein, verbascoside and rutin were 15.50, 5.51 and 0.98 mg per gram dried leaf under the optimal conditions (48.9% of water in DES for 60 sec at 13310 rpm). Our best DES (citric acid/lactic acid) has yielded the most efficient extract rich in oleuropein, even with an ≈8% higher performance than that of a most commonly used solvent (75% ethanol).
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab (nivo + ipi) compared to current therapeutic alternatives in first-line treatment of patients with advanced melanoma from the Japanese national healthcare payer perspective using 48-month survival data from the CheckMate 067 Phase III trial.
 
  A three-state partitioned survival model was developed from projections of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) to estimate accrued quality-adjusted survival and costs over a 30-year time horizon. The analysis included nivo + ipi, nivolumab, and ipilimumab monotherapies (the three treatments included in CheckMate 067). Drug acquisition, administration, disease management, subsequent therapy, and adverse event (AE) costs were obtained via published sources and expert input (solicited via Delphi panel). AE frequencies were collected from the Checkmate 067 trial. Utility weights were estimated from the Checkmate 067 trial, based on Japanese nts with unresectable malignant melanoma in Japan.Marijuana use among adolescents is a major public health problem. The purpose of this study was to examine whether past-year marijuana use among African American adolescent males differed based on age and school factors. Data from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were analyzed. A national sample of African American students in grades 7 through 12 (n = 5,738) completed the survey. Results indicated that 14.7% reported using marijuana in the past year. Those at highest risk for past-year marijuana use were those who were male, were 16 to 17 years old, were in 9th through 12th grade, did not like going to school, and thought that most/all students in their grade used marijuana. Prevention professionals should consider the links among school attitudes, perceived social norms, and marijuana use when developing programs and interventions. Efforts are needed that are culturally competent and culturally sensitive to help reduce marijuana use rates among African American male adolescents. Future research is needed to further examine school perceptions and marijuana use among this population.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and probiotic bacteria (PB) on the growth rate, carcass traits, blood serum metabolites, and meat quality of Ross broiler chickens during 1-5 weeks of age. A total of 480 unsexed Ross broiler chicks 7-days old with the beginning bodyweight of 110.58 ± 0.17 g were employed in a complete randomized purpose trail with eight groups; 60 chicks in six replicates (8 × 6 × 10). The dietary treatments were as follows NC negative group (without additives) group one; PC positive control (main diet + 0.5 g Colostin antibiotic/kg feed); PPP 3-5 basal diet + 2, 3, 4 g pomegranate peel powder/kg diet and PPP 6-8 basal diet + 2, 3, 4 g pomegranate peel powder + 1 cm3 probiotic (Bacillus toyonensis (BT)/kg diet, respectively. The results showed that live body weight (LBW) at five weeks and body weight gain (BWG) during 1-5 weeks of age were affected by adding PPP in the ration and the good grads of PPP were 2 and 4 g PPP without PB/kg diet compared to NC and PC, respectively. Otherwise, daily feed conception (DFC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by adding the different grads of PPP with or without PB, except the first period of DFC (1-3 weeks of old) were affected. Results showed a significant effect on all carcass characteristics studied, except gizzard and abdominal fat ratio were not influenced by the treatment used. Likewise, the addition of PPP to broiler chicken diets has a good effect on almost the blood serum metabolites, immunological parameters and quality of meat studied. In the end, the outcome of this study concluded that the addition of PPP to broiler diets has a good effect on the growth rate, blood serum metabolites, immunological parameters and the quality of meat as well as the health aspects.