The study of vascular anomalies, "angiomas", vascular tumours and vascular malformations is made difficult by the great variety and confusion of the names used in the literature for these diseases, some of which are rare. The great merit of the classification proposed by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA), adopted in 2014 and modified in 2018, is to propose a unambiguous nomenclature and to try to group these lesions in a logical way, contrasting with the lists of the usual "classifications". This classification is based on the distinction between proliferative lesions (tumours and reactive lesions) and those which are due to a congenital anomaly of vascular morphogenesis (vascular malformations). It incorporates recent data on the molecular causes of these diseases. The major groups of lesions recognised in this classification will be presented and some lesions of interest briefly discussed.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pomhex.html  This classification aims to be usable by all medical specialties and applicable to all tissues and organs, even if efforts are still needed to integrate organ-specific names in order to unify the nomenclature and eliminate confusion. Even if it does not solve all the problems in this complex field, the unification of the nomenclature is a major contribution of this classification and pathologists are strongly encouraged to refer to it in daily practice.The RYTHMIC network, supported by the French National Cancer Institute is dedicated to the management of patients with thymic epithelial tumors through regional and national multidisciplinary tumor boards. Tumor board decisions are based on the initial pathology diagnoses. However, following clinical inclusion in the network, a central pathology review is organized, implicating a panel of pathologists, for histotype and stage classification, which is different from a classical second opinion from pathologist to pathologist for a difficult case. Thanks to the participation of all French pathologists, more than 1000 cases have been reviewed by the panel. The aim of this review is to share with the French pathology community, the experience of the group. It underlines the importance of macroscopy and surgeon-pathologist involvement to allow a good central review, the main histopathological and immunophenotypical patterns of the most frequent thymomas and thymic carcinoma types, the differential diagnoses, as well as the difficulties for the panel to reproducibly assess on slides, stage, for some cases.Global translational remodeling has emerged as a principal mechanism of biological adaptation. Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) disables the basal protein synthesis machinery ('Jekyll') and activates a hypoxic translational architecture ('Hyde') to drive translatome remodeling. Independent from mRNA-level fluctuations, this newer paradigm modernizes a field traditionally dominated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional program.Recent discoveries have revealed that, during viral infection, the presence of the RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on viral and cellular RNAs has profound impacts on infection outcome. Although m6A directly regulates many viral RNA processes, its effects on cellular RNAs and pathways during infection have only recently begun to be elucidated. Disentangling the effects of m6A on viral and host RNAs remains a challenge for the field. m6A has been found to regulate host responses such as viral RNA sensing, cytokine responses, and immune cell functions. We highlight recent findings describing how m6A modulates host responses to viral infection and discuss future directions that will lead to a synergistic understanding of the processes by which m6A regulates viral infection.To identify the appropriate times for growth and development, organisms must sense and process information about the availability of nutrients, energy status, and environmental cues. For sessile eukaryotes such as plants, integrating such information can be critical in life or death decisions. For nearly 30 years, the conserved phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs) target of rapamycin (TOR) has been established as a central hub for integrating external and internal metabolic cues. Despite the functional conservation across eukaryotes, the TOR complex has evolved specific functional and mechanistic features in plants. Here, we present recent findings on the plant TOR complex that highlight the conserved and unique nature of this critical growth regulator and its role in multiple aspects of plant life.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently creating a global health emergency. This crisis is driving a worldwide effort to develop effective vaccines, prophylactics, and therapeutics. Nucleic acid (NA)-based treatments hold great potential to combat outbreaks of coronaviruses (CoVs) due to their rapid development, high target specificity, and the capacity to increase druggability. Here, we review key anti-CoV NA-based technologies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, RNA-targeting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas), and mRNA vaccines, and discuss improved delivery methods and combination therapies with other antiviral drugs.
  Opioid optimisation is a global issue in Chronic Non-malignant Pain (CNMP) management.
 
  This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of interventions delivered by pharmacists in outpatient clinical settings, community pharmacies and primary care services in optimising opioid therapy for people with CNMP and to explore stakeholders' opinions about role of pharmacists in optimising opioid therapy.
 
  We conducted searches in PubMed, CINAHL, Psych Info, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and Conference Proceedings and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. All studies where pharmacists in outpatient clinical settings, community pharmacies and patient care services helped in optimisation of opioids in the treatment of CNMP as individuals or part of a team were included. Authors followed the 27-item PRISMA guidelines and the review was registered in PROSPERO. All authors were involved in screening and selection of studies and included studies between January 1990-June 2020. Studies not published in English language and participants with cancer pain were excluded.