https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gf109203x.html 017) than patients without LUTS. They also scored more poorly on muscle function tests. Urodynamic results point to neurogenic causes for LUTS in LOPD, that is, neurogenic reflex bladder or impaired filling sensation. This could be due to glycogen accumulation in the urothelium and central nervous system. Patients with LUTS also seem to be more severely affected by LOPD than patients without LUTS. CONCLUSION LUTS in LOPD requires early and specific treatment to limit the development of severe health problems. Urodynamic studies should be considered in assessing LUTS. © 2020 The Authors. Neurourology and Urodynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVES Intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) are an important method of pain control for patients with refractory oncologic pain. Local anesthetics such as bupivacaine have been infused either alone or with opioids. While effective, bupivacaine can cause adverse effects such as numbness, weakness, and urinary retention. This study looks to establish a safe and efficacious fixed bupivacaine dosing algorithm in intrathecal pumps for cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bupivacaine dosing algorithm was developed using data from 120 previous patients who underwent IDDS placement at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. The outcomes were then evaluated for 43 subsequent patients who were treated with bupivacaine IDDS according to our aforementioned algorithm. RESULTS Our data show that in patients treated with our bupivacaine guideline, visual analog pain scale scores decreased by 59% and oral morphine equivalence decreased by 70% from the period between IDDS implantation until discharge from the MSKCC hospital. However, 16.3% of our patients had bupivacaine-related side effects. CONCLUSIONS For oncological patients, our data and experience support the initiation of intrathecal bupivacaine at the following doses 5 mg/day for catheter tips in the cervical spine,