https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vb124.html The use of intra-operative ultrasound remains a largely underutilized option in brain tumour surgeries. The widespread availability of neuronavigation may be the reason why such a useful modality has become less popular even though recent advances in ultrasound technology have greatly improved its utility. The available literature also clearly shows that it offers additional advantages especially when used with neuronavigation. Herein the authors have briefly touched upon the available literature on the role of intraoperative ultrasound in brain tumour surgeries.Diabetes care involves a rational understanding of the complex clinical and pharmacological interactions. If we have clarity of thought in our goals and aims, it becomes much easier to plan treatment strategies. The hierarchal model of metabolic modulation and optimization represents an effort to achieve simplicity and straightforwardness in deciding aims of diabetes care, planning approaches, and choosing the right arsenal for intervention. This model lists the targets of therapy as symptomatic, glucometabolic, vasculometabolic, barometabolic and viscerometabolic optimization.The muscle is an important organ-system of the body, which contributes to, and is impacted by, viscerometabolic health. This brief communication presents a structured discussion of the role of skeletal muscle in the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of diabetes.Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant, common genetic disorder that affects many systems, including the skeleton and neurocutaneous system. Skeletal involvement is seen in 38% of patients with NF1. Bowing deformity and pseudarthrosis are observed in 5.7% of the long bones, most of which are common in the tibia. A 13-year-old Somalian girl visited our orthopaedic clinic with complaints of deformity, inability to walk and pain in both legs. The deformity in both legs was present at birth and progresse