https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nbqx.html Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is considered to be a rare progressive disease resulting from restricted flow through the pulmonary arterial circulation resulting ultimately in right-sided heart failure. Most patients withPAH suffer from sleep disorders, reduced aerobic fitness, and mortality risk despite optimized medical treatment. This study investigated the effect of 12weeks of aerobic training on sleep quality, sleep efficiency, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and aerobic fitness in patients with PAH. Thirty patientswith PAH were randomized to two equal groups, training group (A) and control group (B). ThePittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire and a wrist-worn actigraph wereused for the assessment of sleep quality and sleepefficiency respectively. RVSP wasmeasured using echocardiography. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) assessed maximal heartrate and VO2max. All were measured before and after the study period for both groups. Exercise training was conducted on a bicycle ergometer as an individually-tailored moderate-intensity aerobic trainingsession (60 to 70% of the maximal heart rate reached during the initial exercise test) for 30 to 45min/day, 3sessions/week for 12weeks (36 sessions). Sleep scores and RVSP showed significant reductions and VO2max-representing the aerobic fitness-showed a significant increase in the group (A) compared with group (B). These results suggest that aerobic training has a positive effect on three risk factors for mortality in patients withPAH, namely sleep quality, decline inexercise capacity, and right ventricular remodeling. Clinical trial registered in ClinicalTrials.gov , ID NCT04337671. Clinical trial registered in ClinicalTrials.gov , ID NCT04337671.Astronauts exposed to microgravity for extended time are susceptible to trunk muscle atrophy, which may compromise strength and function on mission and after return. This study investigates change