https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jsh-150.html in situ hybridization and Western-blotting were used to detect the expression of P2X4R mRNA and protein in the DRG. These results showed that OECs had good biocompatibility with CS. Compared with the CCI, the MWT and TWL were significantly increased (P＜0.05), the expression levels of P2X4R mRNA and protein in the OECs and OECs+CS group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05). Compared with the OECs, the expression levels of P2X4R mRNA and protein in the OECs+CS group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05), the MWT and TWL were significantly increased (P＜0.05). We conclude that OECs+CS can better inhibit P2X4R over-expression-mediated NPP, and its therapeutic effect was superior to simple OECs transplantation, which may become another potential method for the treatment of NPP. Bright light at night has been known to suppress melatonin secretion. Photoreceptors, known as intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), project dark/bright information into the superchiasmatic nucleus, which regulates the circadian system. Electroretinograms of ipRGCs show fluctuation that is synchronized with light ON-OFF stimulation. This finding suggests that the flickering condition of light may have an impact on our circadian system. In this study, we evaluate light-induced melatonin suppression under flickering and non-flickering light conditions. Fifteen male subjects between the ages of 20 and 23 years (mean ± SD, 21.9 ± 1.9) were exposed to three light conditions (dim, 100-Hz flickering and non-flickering light) from 100 a.m. to 230 a.m. Saliva samples were taken just before 100 and at 115, 130, 200, and 230 a.m. Repeated-measure t-test with Bonferroni correction showed a significant decrease in melatonin levels under both 100-Hz and non-flickering light conditions compared to dim light conditions after 200 a.m. Moreover, at 230 a.m., the rate of change in melatonin level under 100 Hz of flickering light was significantly