05 denoting significance.In total, 88 patients underwent SMC at a median age of 3.3 months with a median preoperative CI 69 (interquartile range [66, 71]). The postoperative CI increased to 73 [71, 76] at postoperative day 1. At 1 month, the CI increased by 8.6 to 77 (P  less then  0.0001) and appeared to reach a plateau at 3 months (76, [74, 78]) without further improvement (P  less then  0.10). At 5 years, CI remained stable without relapse (76, [75, 81], demonstrating an 8.9 increase from preoperative CI.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nb-598.html  Age at time of spring placement and change in CI were inversely related (P  less then  0.005). Total spring force directly correlated with increased change in postoperative CI at the 6-month postoperative timepoint (P  less then  0.02).In summary, SMC offers durable correction of scaphocephaly as measured by CI for patients with isolated sagittal CS at the 5-year postoperative timepoint. The cranial expansion observed 1-month post-spring implantation may serve as a proxy for long-term CI.
  The diagnosis and management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea remains an important challenge in the field of rhinology. In this study, the authors want to propose a technique for transnasal endoscopic closure of CSF fistulas, tested for the first time on 2 adult fresh cadaveric specimens. The authors think that the use of a device similar to the umbrella device, used to close cardiac atrial defects, may also be valid for the closure of defects at the level of the anterior skull base.
 The diagnosis and management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea remains an important challenge in the field of rhinology. In this study, the authors want to propose a technique for transnasal endoscopic closure of CSF fistulas, tested for the first time on 2 adult fresh cadaveric specimens. The authors think that the use of a device similar to the umbrella device, used to close cardiac atrial defects, may also be valid for the closure of defects at the level of the anterior skull base.
  Unilateral lambdoid synostosis (ULS) is the rarest form of craniosynostosis. Due to the associated cranio-caudal shift seen in ULS, surgical correction is technically challenging from a morphological standpoint. Herein, the authors present a novel "Sand-Dollar and Staves" technique for the repair of ULS.
 
  A zigzag coronal incision is performed, and an anteriorly-based pericranial flaps are elevated. Prefabricated cutting guides are placed and the calvarium is marked. To treat the flattening on the ipsilateral side, a wedged suturectomy is performed with additional barrel staves. A large circle centered over the bulging on the contralateral side is cut out above the open lambdoid suture. This piece is barrel staved in a radial fashion, leaving the center intact and creating a Sand-Dollar appearance. This disk is then flattened and trimmed. The modified Sand-Dollar is fixed using an absorbable plating system. While gentle pressure is applied to the Sand-Dollar piece as it is being secured, the ipsilateral side demonstrates compensatory filling. Results are evaluated using the Whitaker Classification.
 
  Four patients underwent surgical correction with this technique. The procedure was performed at mean age of 11.7 months. The mean operative time was 2.5 hours. Intraoperative blood loss was 50 to 100 ml. Total hospitalization time was 2 to 3 days. No post-operative complications were encountered. Whitaker scores ranged from 1 to 1.5. The mean follow-up was 10 months.
 
  The Sand-Dollar and Staves procedure is a novel, single-stage approach for the management of ULS with decreased operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay with satisfactory aesthetic outcomes.
 The Sand-Dollar and Staves procedure is a novel, single-stage approach for the management of ULS with decreased operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay with satisfactory aesthetic outcomes.
  Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common pediatric disease caused by contracture of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) that leads to neck stiffness and deformity. Based on the adhesion characteristics of different cells in affected SCM of CMT, myoblasts and fibroblasts can be isolated simultaneously by advanced culture conditions. Our study aimed to explore and optimize the isolation, culture, and identification of myoblasts and fibroblasts in SCM of CMT.
 
  Myoblasts and fibroblasts were separated by combined digestion with trypsin and collagenase. With this improved method, the morphology of isolated myoblasts and fibroblasts was observed under the microscope, the cell growth curve was drawn, and the purity of myoblasts and fibroblasts was determined by immunofluorescence.
 
  The method allowed to satisfactorily culture myoblasts and fibroblasts. The cells could stably grow and be passaged, provided they were at least 80% confluent. Immunofluorescence of myoblasts and fibroblasts showed high rate of positive staining, and cell count showed excellent growth state. Moreover, according to the growth curve, fibroblasts grew at a higher rate than myoblasts.
 
  The isolated myoblasts and fibroblasts have high purity, intact structure, and relatively high vitality. This method can be used to establish a cell model with myoblasts and fibroblasts, which can be applied to investigate etiology of CMT or mechanisms of drug action.
 The isolated myoblasts and fibroblasts have high purity, intact structure, and relatively high vitality. This method can be used to establish a cell model with myoblasts and fibroblasts, which can be applied to investigate etiology of CMT or mechanisms of drug action.Spring-assisted surgery has been a part of the craniofacial surgeon's armamentarium for more than 2 decades now. The development and implementation of this technique will be reviewed as well as the evolution of spring surgery at Wake Forest University.Soft-tissue contour deficiencies depend on various origins including esthetics, congenital and post trauma asymmetries, post tumor defects, and chronic wound sequelae. Reconstructions or repairs are still a challenge today. Fat grafting is an old reconstructive technique dating back to 1893, but it has only recently become popular, especially among plastic surgeons. Being generally disregarded by medical practitioners for many years, adipose tissue has come into the spotlight because it is omnipresent and easily obtainable in substantial quantities with little patient discomfort and no relevant donor-site morbidity. Particularly, adipose tissue contains more multipotent cells per cc than bone marrow does. For example, 1 g of adipose tissue yields ∼5 × 10 stem cells, that is, 100-fold higher than the number of mesenchymal stem cells in 1 g of bone marrow. In reconstructive surgery, both adipose tissue aspiration and fat transfer have become typical surgical procedures. It is quite easy to harvest an abundant volume of tissue, obtaining a large amount of isolated stem and therapeutically active cells without needing cell expansion in tissue culture facilities.