https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mg149.html At 96 hours following infection, the mean burden in untreated mice was 6.65 log colony-forming units (CFUs) per gram of skin. Compared with the untreated group, daily topical application of 78 mM of PCA was associated with a significantly lower CFU burden in mice skin (mean, 5.51 log CFUs per gram of skin; p = 0.0295). Both lower dosages of topical PCA failed to show an effect. PCA demonstrated laboratory efficacy against pathogens implicated in SSI, including drug-resistant organisms. In vivo, topical PCA demonstrated dose-dependent skin penetration and antimicrobial activity against mouse skin loads. Human clinical studies exploring the antimicrobial efficacy of topical PCA for preoperative shoulder skin antisepsis are warranted. Topical PCA may have the potential to improve current shoulder SSI treatment and prevention protocols. Topical PCA may have the potential to improve current shoulder SSI treatment and prevention protocols. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has adopted the strategic goal of evolving its culture and governance to become more strategic, innovative, and diverse. Given the charge to increase diversity, a focus on assessing and increasing diversity at the faculty level may help this cause. However, an analysis of gender and racial diversity among orthopaedic faculty has not been performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate faculty appointments for underrepresented minority (URM) and female orthopaedic surgeons. We also aim to draw comparisons between orthopaedic surgery and other specialties. Data on gender, race, and faculty rank (clinical instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and professor) of academic faculty for 18 specialties from 1997 to 2017 were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Roster. Assistant professors were designated as junior faculty, whereas associate professor and professor were considered senior faculty. U