https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sgi-110.html The occurrence of polyps in these bladders represents a well-known phenomenon to the treating urologist. However, they might not be as familiar to pathologists since they are generally not biopsied. Case report We present a male infant who was diagnosed with bladder exstrophy and epispadias at birth. He subsequently underwent surgical repair of the malformation with bladder polypectomies at 7 months of age. Pathologic examination showed multiple polyps with extensive squamous metaplasia of surface urothelium. Von Brunn nests, cystitis cystica, and cystitis glandularis with focal intestinal metaplasia were noted at variable depths within polyps. These epithelial nests were surrounded by concentric fibrosis. Conclusion Bladder exstrophy polyp is a distinct pathologic entity with a combination of various nonspecific findings. Pathologists should be cognizant of the histologic spectrum of this uncommon entity. Management of asthma includes monitoring of inhaler technique and level of adherence to treatment. Both factors could be influenced by high frequency of switching inhaler devices. We explored whether switching inhalers is an independent predictive factor of exacerbations. Data were collected from 2015 to 2017 from the outpatient clinic of asthma at the University of Palermo, Italy. This observational study consisted of two phases Phase 1 included subjects of at least three visits in the previous year who reported the frequency of inhalers switched; Phase 2 included subjects of at least two visits during the second year, and the rate of switches and exacerbations was recorded. We included adult (24-84 years old) mild/moderate asthmatics under regular inhaled treatment; uncontrolled asthma was defined as poor symptom control, exacerbations (≥2/year) requiring oral corticosteroids (OCS), or serious exacerbations (≥1/year) requiring hospitalization. A total of 109 records were retrieved for the analysis. A significant