https://www.selleckchem.com/products/caffeic-acid-phenethyl-ester.html Administration of rescue analgesia was recorded. At the left ovarian pedicle ligation, HR was higher in N1.0 than in B0.4 (p= 0.020). RT decreased significantly by the end of surgery in N0.5 (p= 0.043) and B0.4 (p= 0.010). Rescue analgesia was administered postoperatively over 6 hours to eight, seven, nine and 10 dogs in N0.5, N1.0, B0.4 and M0.2, respectively (p= 0.57). DIVAS II was higher in B0.4 than in N1.0 at 2 and 3 hours (p= 0.038 and p= 0.002, respectively) and N0.5 at 3 hours (p= 0.003). At the doses used, all premedication protocols provided insufficient intraoperative analgesia, with minimal clinical differences between groups. No premedication provided satisfactory analgesia in the first 6 hours postoperatively. At the doses used, all premedication protocols provided insufficient intraoperative analgesia, with minimal clinical differences between groups. No premedication provided satisfactory analgesia in the first 6 hours postoperatively. We reviewed the rates of and reasons for hallux valgus (HV) recurrence and the rates of avascular necrosis following Scarf osteotomy. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases for studies reporting operative management of HV using Scarf osteotomy. The primary endpoints were reasons for and rates of HV recurrence. The secondary endpoint was the rate of avascular necrosis. We included 15 studies with 946 operations for HV. Seven studies reported no recurrence, six reported recurrence rates of 3.6-11.3%, one reported a recurrence rate of 30%, and one reported a recurrence rate of 78%. Thirteen studies (678 feet) reported other complications from Scarf osteotomy without avascular necrosis. Although HV recurrence is not uncommon following Scarf osteotomy, patient-related factors, surgical competence, and longer follow-up are more likely to be associated with recurrence. Avascular necrosis is an infrequent complication in HV patients