CXCR6-CXCL16 Axis Stimulates Breast cancers through Inducting Oncogenic Signaling.
 Objectives This study aims to evaluate the risk assessments of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), from the point of detection to the provision of basic information to the relevant public health authorities. Methods To estimate the overall risk of specific public health events, probability, and impact at the country-level were evaluated using available information. To determine the probability of particular public health events, the risk of importation and risk of transmission were taken into consideration. KCDC used 5 levels ("very low," "low," "moderate," "high," and "very high") for each category and overall risk was eventually decided. Results A total of 8 risk assessments were performed on 8 separate occasions between January 8th to February 28th, 2020, depending on the detection and report of COVID-19 cases in other countries. The overall risk of the situation in each assessment increased in severity over this period "low" (first), "moderate" (second), "high" (third), "high" (fourth), "high" (fifth), "high" (sixth), "high" (seventh), and "very high" (eighth). Conclusion The KCDC's 8 risk assessments were utilized to activate national emergency response mechanisms and eventually prepare for the pandemic to ensure the containment and mitigation of COVID-19 with non-pharmaceutical public health measures. Copyright ©2020, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their potential for differentiation into alveolar epithelial cells and their immunosuppressive characteristics, are considered a new therapeutic agent in cell-based therapy of inflammatory lung disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since most of the MSC-mediated beneficent effects were the consequence of their paracrine action, herewith, we investigated the effects of a newly designed MSC-derived product "Exosome-derived Multiple Allogeneic Protein Paracrine Signaling (Exo-d-MAPPS)" in the attenuation of chronic airway inflammation by using an animal model of COPD (induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS)) and clinical data obtained from Exo-d-MAPPS-treated COPD patients. Exo-d-MAPPS contains a high concentration of immunomodulatory factors which are capable of attenuating chronic airway inflammation, including soluble TNF receptors I and II, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products. Accordi Exo-d-MAPPS was well tolerated since none of the 30 COPD patients reported any adverse effects after Exo-d-MAPPS administration. In summing up, we believe that Exo-d-MAPPS could be considered a potentially new therapeutic agent in the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung diseases whose efficacy should be further explored in large clinical trials. Copyright © 2020 Carl Randall Harrell et al.in English, German Zielsetzung Ein Nachfüllen von Händedesinfektionsmitteln und Handwaschpräparaten in das ursprüngliche Behältnis zur Beschickung von Spendern ist in Arztpraxen und in Krankenhäusern wegen der damit verbundenen Auflagen praktisch nicht möglich. Daher werden Spender üblicherweise mit Einmalgebinden bestückt. Deren Anwendung ist jedoch mit einer Reihe von Nachteilen verbunden. Häufig sind die Spender nicht mit Nachfüllgebinden unterschiedlicher Hersteller kompatibel. Das Pumpsystem und der Spender müssen nach der Beschickung aufbereitet werden. Außerdem kann es im laufenden Betrieb zur Innenkontamination über den Luftsog der Pumpe kommen. Daher werden Vorschläge zur Entwicklung einer neuen Generation von Einmalgebinden unterbreitet.Methode Anhand der Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert Koch-Institut Berlin zur Händehygiene wurden die dort empfohlenen Anforderungen an Desinfektionsmittelspender analysiert, um Vorschläge zu deren Umsetzung abzuleir Händedesinfektionsmittel und Handwaschpräparate zu schaffen.Purpose of Review Adolescent cannabis use represents a significant public health concern.  https://www.selleckchem.com/Androgen-Receptor.html  Cannabis experimentation typically begins in adolescence and increases the odds of meeting criteria for cannabis use disorder.  https://www.selleckchem.com/Androgen-Receptor.html  Cannabis use disorder is associated with numerous short- and long-term adverse consequences for adolescents, highlighting the critical need for efficacious behavioral treatments. This brief review aims to synthesize the state of the behavioral treatment literature on adolescents with cannabis use disorder and to discuss new pathways to leverage neuroscience to inform novel targets for behavioral intervention. Recent Findings To date, effective treatment options for adolescent cannabis use disorder that have been tested in randomized controlled trials include cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and multidimensional family therapy. However, established behavioral treatment approaches focus on higher-order cognitive control and have only been modestly effective. Summary There is a need to develop new pathways that translate neuroscience findings into novel targets for behavioral interventions.Background and Importance  We present a case of a patient with a residual intraosseous sphenoid wing meningioma presenting with proptosis, orbital pain, and monocular vision loss for 8 months who underwent decompression of the optic canal, orbital contents, and orbital reconstruction resulting in significant improvement in her vision loss with full resolution of proptosis and orbital pain. Clinical Presentation  A 43-year-old female presented with a 1 year history of headache, peri-orbital pain, proptosis, and severe vision loss. She had previously undergone subtotal resection of a large Simpson Grade 1 spheno-orbital meningioma 3 years prior at an outside institution. Workup at our institution revealed hyperostosis of the left greater wing of the sphenoid bone and narrowing of the optic canal along with bony enhancement concerning for residual tumor. The patient was given the recommendation from outside institutions for radiation, presumably due to the chronicity of her visual loss. Our institution recommended resection of the residual osseous tumor with orbital reconstruction.