Obesity affects over 42% of the United States population and exacerbates heart disease, the leading cause of death in men and women. Obesity also increases pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause chronic tissue damage to vital organs. The standard-of-care does not sufficiently attenuate these inflammatory sequelae. Angiotensin II receptor AT2R is an anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protective molecule; however, AT2R agonists are not used in the clinic to treat heart disease. NP-6A4 is a new AT2R peptide agonist with an FDA orphan drug designation for pediatric cardiomyopathy. NP-6A4 increases AT2R expression (mRNA and protein) and nitric oxide generation in human cardiovascular cells. AT2R-antagonist PD123319 and AT2RSiRNA suppress NP-6A4-effects indicating that NP-6A4 acts through AT2R. To determine whether NP-6A4 would mitigate cardiac damage from chronic inflammation induced by untreated obesity, we investigated the effects of 2-weeks NP-6A4 treatment (1.8 mg/kg delivered subcutaneously) on cardiac pathokine storms caused by infections such as COVID-19 were among the cytokines suppressed by NP-6A4 treatment in ZO rat heart. Thus, NP-6A4 activates a novel anti-inflammatory network comprised of 21 proteins in the heart that was not reported previously. Since NP-6A4's unique mode of action suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine network and attenuates myocardial damage, it can be an ideal adjuvant drug with other anti-glycemic, anti-hypertensive, standard-of-care drugs to protect the heart tissues from pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine attack induced by obesity.The incidence of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a progressively fatal disease, has increased in recent years. However, there are no effective medicines available. Previous results have shown that sinensetin probably has some curative effects on PF. Therefore, this paper aims to predict the targets of sinensetin using a network pharmacology method and to confirm its effects and functional targets in PF using a mouse PF model. First, network pharmacology analysis showed that sinensetin has 105 functional targets, and 1,698 gene targets closely relate to PF. The intersection of the functional targets and gene targets produced 52 targets for the treatment of PF with sinensetin. The PPIs (protein-protein interactions) led to several potential key target genes, including MAPK1, EGFR, SRC, and PTGS2. The results of GO and KEGG analyses suggested the crucial function of apoptosis in PF and its involvement in the PI3K signaling pathway. Subsequently, we tested the molecular docking of sinensetin with the PI3K protein using ary, network pharmacology and in vivo test results suggest sinensetin causes an effective delay in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, and the functional mechanism is likely related to PI3K-AKT signaling.The pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs were altered under high altitude hypoxia, thereby affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug. However, there are few literatures on the pharmacokinetic changes of antipyretic and pain-relieving drugs and cardiovascular system drugs at high altitude. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and metformin hydrochloride in rats under simulated high altitude hypoxia condition. Mechanically, the protein and mRNA expression of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Compared with the normoxia group, the t1/2 and AUC of acetaminophen were significantly increased, and the CL/F was significantly decreased in rats after exposure to simulated high altitude hypoxia. The t1/2 of metformin hydrochloride was significantly increased by simulated high altitude hypoxia. No significant differences in AUC and CL/F of metformin hydrochloride were observed when comparing the hypoxia group with the normoxia group. The protein and mRNA expression of UGT1A1 and OCT2 were decreased significantly under hypoxia in rats. This study found obvious changes in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and metformin hydrochloride in rats after exposure to simulated high altitude hypoxia, and they might be due to significant decreases in the expressions of UGT1A1 and OCT2. To sum up, our data suggested that the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and metformin hydrochloride should be reexamined, and the optimal dose should be reassessed under hypoxia exposure.Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects people living in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. There are few therapeutic options for treating this infectious disease, and available drugs induce severe side effects in patients. Different communities have limited access to hospital facilities, as well as classical treatment of leishmaniasis; therefore, they use local natural products as alternative medicines to treat this infectious disease. The present work performed a bibliographic survey worldwide to record plants used by traditional communities to treat leishmaniasis, as well as the uses and peculiarities associated with each plant, which can guide future studies regarding the characterization of new drugs to treat leishmaniasis. A bibliographic survey performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases retrieved 294 articles related to traditional knowledge, medicinal plants and leishmaniasis; however, only 20 were selected based on the traditional use of plants to treat leishmaniasis. Ceae), and Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae), since they are the most frequently cited in articles and by traditional communities.Hyperlipidemia is a chronic disorder that is difficult to cure and usually treated with long-term lipid-reducing drugs. Recent trends have led to the use of diet therapies or food-derived strategies in the treatment of such long-term diseases. The Chinese rice wine (huangjiu) contains a wide range of bioactive peptides that are produced during the multi-species fermentation process. To clarify the regulation effects of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota by huangjiu bioactive peptides, three huangjiu peptides were isolated, purified and characterized by hyper-filtration, macroporous resin, gel filtration separation and structural identification. Meanwhile, a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia was established to study the effects of huangjiu peptides on serum biomarker, hepatic metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/740-y-p-pdgfr-740y-p.html  Experimental results showed that huangjiu peptides T1 and T2 (HpT1, HpT2) treatment alleviated the increase in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and aberrant hepatic lipid accumulation in the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia mice.