https://www.selleckchem.com/products/as2863619.html We present a rare case of multiple intracranial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). A young female presented with headache and a left eyelid pulsatile swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated numerous dilated cortical veins, along with a prominent left superior ophthalmic vein. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram revealed 5 distinct AVFs including 4 dural AVFs (dAVFs) and a pial AVF (pAVF). The largest dAVF was at the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). The others included bilateral ethmoidal, torcular, and a pAVF arising of the right pericallosal artery. She was treated by endovascular transarterial Onyx embolization. Only the SSS fistula was treated via middle meningeal artery feeders with complete occlusion. Immediate follow-up angiogram also showed complete spontaneous occlusion of the untreated dAVFs and the pial AVF. This case is exceedingly unique considering the multiplicity of AVFs, concurrent presence of pial and dural AVF, and spontaneous occlusion of all untreated AVFs after embolizing the largest shunting fistula.Background Isolated bilateral hypoglossal palsy is a rare condition that has never been described after surgery in the lower part of the fourth ventricle. In this article, we discuss various possible etiologies and relevant anatomy considerations of the rhomboid fossa. Case description We describe a case of bilateral hypoglossal palsy with tongue ptosis following surgery of an ependymoma in the lower part of the fourth ventricle. Immediate postoperative imaging showed ischemic lesions in both hypoglossal nuclei, not compatible with any known arterial territory. Two etiologies could be identified a venous medullary infarct of the medulla oblongata or direct injury of both hypoglossal nuclei due to their midline position. Finally, the patient improved progressively and returned to normal. Conclusions Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of hypoglossal nerves, in addition to facial nerves, shoul