est in determining prognosis of VFL as related to malignancy. Future, large, well-designed, prospective studies are expected to determine the prognostic power of these biomarkers before their implementation in routine clinical practice.Many new medications for the treatment of migraine are now available on the market. In the current evolving migraine treatment landscape, an individualized treatment approach is needed. This review provides practical recommendations on how to obtain a correct diagnosis and then engage in a long-term partnership with patients with the most severe form of migraine chronic migraine (CM). Given the need to effectively treat this complex neurological disease, clinicians in primary care, general neurologists, and headache specialists are at the forefront to ease the burden of this disease for their patients. This manuscript will review how to discuss the currently available treatment options to help control migraine attacks, manage expectations, and, together with the patient, determine the most effective and appropriate treatment. The goal is to create an environment where the clinician partners with the patient in shared decision-making to choose the most effective appropriate treatment for the individual patient.
  The status of football spectatorship-induced emotional stress as a risk factor for acute cardiovascular events remains a matter of dispute. Aims This study aimed to investigate the relationship between football spectatorship and the incidenceof selected acute cardiovascular events in the Polish male population.
 
  Events that occurred in male patients aged 35 years and older in Poland during 3 tournaments(2012 and 2016 European Championships and 2018 World Cup) were retrospectively analyzed based onhospital admission codes (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision [ICD‑10]) obtained from the Polish National Health Fund (Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia). The followingprimary diagnoses were of interest acute myocardial infarction (AMI; I21), sudden cardiac arrest (I46),sudden arrhythmias (I47-I49). The corresponding dates in the years before and after the tournamentsconstituted the reference periods.
 
  A total of 255 383 patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in the incidence of events between the combined exposure and reference periods relative risk [RR] = 1.05 (95% CI, 0.97-1.14; P = 0.2) for AMI, RR = 1.08 (95% CI, 0.87-1.35;P = 0.47) for sudden cardiac arrest, and RR = 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98-1.06; P = 0.32) for sudden arrhythmias. Individual tournament analyses revealeda higher incidence of AMI (RR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.12-1.3; P <0.001) during the World Cup. However, day ‑by ‑‑day analysis for the World Cup did not show a higher incidence of AMI on match versus match‑free days.
 
  Emotional stress evoked by football spectatorship is insufficiently potent to precipitatea population‑scale increase in the incidence of selected acute cardiovascular events.
 Emotional stress evoked by football spectatorship is insufficiently potent to precipitatea population‑scale increase in the incidence of selected acute cardiovascular events.An 82-year-old man visited our department with a chief complaint of penile pain and swelling. He was receiving maintenance dialysis for chronic renal failure and was catheterized because of urinary retention associated with prostatic hypertrophy. The penis was reddened with swelling extending to the root and marked tenderness. Blood tests indicated inflammation and imaging revealed an abscess with emphysematous changes in the cavernous region of the penis. The diagnosis was purulent penile cavernitis. His symptoms improved after decompression with incision and drainage. There has been no recurrence of the abscess in the 4 months since treatment.A 66-year-old male with bladder cancer underwent radical cystectomy and ileal conduit construction. The pathological diagnosis was urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation (pT3b). Computed tomography (CT) 18 months postoperatively revealed a right external iliac lymph node metastasis. He was treated with systemic chemotherapy after placement of bilateral ureteral stents, but CT following chemotherapy revealed an increase in the size of the metastasis, and the patient was diagnosed with progressive disease. Radiotherapy to the metastasis was selected as local therapy, but the patient was at risk of an uretero-arterial fistula because the right external iliac artery and the right ureter adjacent to the metastasis were involved in the irradiated field. The right external iliac lymph node metastasis was irradiated with a dose of 50 Gy after stent grafting for the right external iliac artery to prevent an ureteroarterial fistula. He had no adverse events, including hematuria after radiotherapy, but died of cancer cachexia 12 months after radiotherapy.A 74-year-old man presented with further treatment for muscle invasive small cell carcinoma of the bladder. After three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatine + etoposide (EP), total cystectomy was performed. The pathological findings revealed small cell carcinoma of the bladder (ypT2N0M0). Eleven months after the operation, thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) showed right pelvic lymph node metastasis. He underwent 9 courses of EP chemotherapy, and everolimus, finally, Amrubicin was administered. Amrubicin might be useful for small cell carcinoma of the bladder.A 32-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for consultation with a suspected left adrenal tumor detected by ultrasonography at a health check. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3×1×4 cm multilocular cystic mass arising from the diaphragmatic crura, suggesting a retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bromelain.html  The patient underwent excision of the cyst and adjacent diaphragm using a retroperitoneoscopic approach. Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts are rare. We review the cases of 26 patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst.A 56-year-old woman presented with left flank pain. Computed tomography revealed hydronephrosis and a 35 mm mass in the left renal pelvis. Ureteroscopy revealed a white elevated lesion in the left renal pelvis. Tissue biopsy was performed and the histological findings showed no evidence of malignancy. Urine cytology was class III. Based on these results, we could not completely rule out malignancy. Left retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy was performed and a pedunculated white mass was found in the renal pelvis. The pathological diagnosis was a fibroepithelial polyp of the renal pelvis. Fibroepithelial polyps in the urinary tract are relatively rare, and those in the renal pelvis even more so. When the preoperative diagnosis shows no malignant findings, fibroepithelial polyps should be considered as a differential diagnosis.