The composition and antioxidant activity of bound phenolics in three legumes (soybean, vicia faba, and kidney bean), and their metabolism and bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal tract were investigated in this study.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/elexacaftor.html  The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities (ABTS and FRAP) were evaluated. The phytochemical compositions of the three legumes after acid/alkaline hydrolysis, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and colonic fermentation were identified and quantified by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS. The results showed that the three legumes were rich in bound phenolic compounds, and possessed a strong antioxidant activity; among which kidney bean showed a higher bound flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than the other two legumes. Alkaline hydrolysis allowed a more thorough extraction of the bound phenolics of the three legumes than acid hydrolysis. The released contents of bound phenolics were extremely low in in vitro digestion, whereas colonic fermentation favored the release of more phenolic compounds. Kidney bean, which presented the highest bound flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, had the lowest bioaccessibility. Our study provides a wider insight into the constituents and bioavailability of bound phenolic compounds in the three legumes.Bone mineral density, a bone matrix parameter frequently used to predict fracture risk, is not the only one to affect bone fragility. Other factors, including the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and microarchitecture, are of paramount relevance in this process. The bone ECM is a noncellular three-dimensional structure secreted by cells into the extracellular space, which comprises inorganic and organic compounds. The main inorganic components of the ECM are calcium-deficient apatite and trace elements, while the organic ECM consists of collagen type I and noncollagenous proteins. Bone ECM dynamically interacts with osteoblasts and osteoclasts to regulate the formation of new bone during regeneration. Thus, the composition and structure of inorganic and organic bone matrix may directly affect bone quality. Moreover, proteins that compose ECM, beyond their structural role have other crucial biological functions, thanks to their ability to bind multiple interacting partners like other ECM proteins, growth factors, signal receptors and adhesion molecules. Thus, ECM proteins provide a complex network of biochemical and physiological signals. Herein, we summarize different ECM factors that are essential to bone strength besides, discussing how these parameters are altered in pathological conditions related with bone fragility.In vitro plant cultures are gaining in industrial importance, especially as biocatalysts and as sources of secondary metabolites used in pharmacy. The idea that guided us in our research was to evaluate the biocatalytic potential of newly obtained callus tissue towards flavonoid compounds. In this publication, we describe new ways of using callus cultures in the biotransformations. In the first method, the callus cultures grown on a solid medium are transferred to the water, the reaction medium into which the substrate is introduced. In the second method, biotransformation is carried out on a solid medium by growing callus cultures. In the course of the research, we have shown that the callus obtained from Phaseolus coccineus and Glycine max is capable of converting flavanone, 5-methoxyflavanone and 6-methoxyflavanone into the corresponding flavones.Accessing food through wet markets is a common global daily occurrence, where fresh meat can be purchased to support an urbanizing world population. Similar to the wet markets in many other metropolitan cities in Asia, Hong Kong wet markets vary and are characterized by differing hygiene routines and access to essential modern technologies. The lack of risk assessments of food contact surfaces in these markets has led to substantial gaps in food safety knowledge and information that could help improve and maintain public health. Microbial profiling analyses were conducted on cutting boards that had been used to process pork, poultry, and seafood at 11 different wet markets. The markets differed in hygiene protocols and access to modern facilities. Irrespective of whether wet markets have access of modern infrastructure, the hygiene practices were largely found to be inefficient based on the prevalence of bacterial species typically associated with foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter fetus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus; indicator organisms such as Escherichia coli; as well as nonfoodborne pathogenic bacterial species potentially associated with nosocomial infections, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. Other Vibrio species, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, typically associated with contaminated raw or undercooked seafood with the potential to cause illness in humans, were also found on wooden cutting boards. This study indicated that the hygienic practices used in Hong Kong wet markets are not sufficient for preventing the establishment of spoilage or pathogenic organisms. This study serves as a basis to review current hygiene practices in wet markets and provides a framework to reassess existing safety protocols.Current diagnostics are insufficient for diagnosis and prognosis of acute infections and sepsis. Clinical decisions including prescription and timing of antibiotics, ordering of additional diagnostics and level-of-care decisions rely on understanding etiology and implications of a clinical presentation. Host mRNA signatures can differentiate infectious from noninfectious etiologies, bacterial from viral infections, and predict 30-day mortality. The 29-host-mRNA blood-based InSepTM test (Inflammatix, Burlingame, CA, formerly known as HostDxTM Sepsis) combines machine learning algorithms with a rapid point-of-care platform with less than 30 min turnaround time to enable rapid diagnosis of acute infections and sepsis, as well as prediction of disease severity. A scientific advisory panel including emergency medicine, infectious disease, intensive care and clinical pathology physicians discussed technical and clinical requirements in preparation of successful introduction of InSep into the market. Topics included intended use; patient populations of greatest need; patient journey and sample flow in the emergency department (ED) and beyond; clinical and biomarker-based decision algorithms; performance characteristics for clinical utility; assay and instrument requirements; and result readouts.