We develop a methodology for calculating, analyzing, and visualizing nuclear magnetic shielding densities which are calculated from the current density via the Biot-Savart relation. Atomic contributions to nuclear magnetic shielding constants can be estimated within our framework with a Becke partitioning scheme. The new features have been implemented in the GIMIC program and are applied in this work to the study of the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic shieldings in benzene (C6H6) and cyclobutadiene (C4H4). The new methodology allows a visual inspection of the spatial origins of the positive (shielding) and negative (deshielding) contributions to the nuclear magnetic shielding constant of a single nucleus, something which has not been hitherto easily accomplished. Analysis of the shielding densities shows that diatropic and paratropic current-density fluxes yield both shielding and deshielding contributions, as the shielding or deshielding is determined by the direction of the current-density flux with respect to the studied nucleus instead of the tropicity. Becke partitioning of the magnetic shieldings shows that the magnetic shielding contributions mainly originate from the studied atom and its nearest neighbors, confirming the localized character of nuclear magnetic shieldings.Solvent-free reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones with aliphatic and aromatic amines in high-to-excellent yields has been achieved with sub-stoichiometric trimethyl borate as promoter and ammonia borane as reductant.The sacrificial bonds in natural materials have inspired the preparation of shape memory polymer (SMP), which can be prepared through the construction of dual cross-linking networks in a polymer matrix. With the rise of 4D printing technology, fine control over the shape recovery of SMPs, especially control over the recovery time, is urgently needed. In this study, the high-temperature aging method is adopted to tune the shape recovery time of dual cross-linked SMPs. Shape memory acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composite (i.e., NBR-C) is prepared by introducing Zn2+-C≡N coordination bonding and sulfur covalent cross-linking networks into the rubber matrix and then thermal aging at 180 °C for various time frames. Aging increases the covalent cross-linking density, ruptures rubber chains, and generates imine structures. Moreover, the composition of the coordination bonding network becomes diversified because of the formation of coordination bonds between imines and Zn2+ ions. The mechanical "tough-brittle" transition of aged NBR-C is observed, and its glassy temperature increases with aging time, which in turn changes the shape recovery time at the same recovery temperature. On the basis of these findings, the special shape memory rubber components with sequential recovery are fabricated by partially aging the NBR-C strings. This methodology provides novel solutions for the preparation of sequential SMP products without programming heating design or using redundant chemical materials. We believe that this work will be able to help promote comprehensive research of SMPs and widen applications of SMPs in the industry.Considering the severity of plant pathogen resistance toward commonly used agricultural microbicides, as well as the potential threats of agrichemicals to the eco-environment, there is a pressing need for antimicrobial approaches that are capable of inactivating pathogens efficiently without the risk of inducing resistances and harm. In this work, a porphyrin metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite was constructed by incorporating 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate) (TMPyP) as a photosensitizer (PS) in the cage of a variant MOF (HKUST-1) to efficiently produce singlet oxygen (1O2) to inactivate plant pathogens under light irradiation. The results showed that the prepared PS@MOF had a loading rate of PS about 12% (w/w) and excellent and broad-spectrum photodynamic antimicrobial activity in vitro against three plant pathogenic fungi and two pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, PS@MOF showed outstanding control efficacy against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on cucumber in the pot experiment. Allium cepa chromosome aberration assays and safety evaluation on cucumber and Chinese cabbage indicated that PS@MOF had no genotoxicity and was safe to plants. Thus, porphyrin MOF demonstrated a great potential as an alternative and efficient new microbicide for sustainable plant disease management.Fabricating a porous scaffold with high surface area has been a major strategy in the tissue engineering field. Among the many fabrication methods, electrospinning has become one of the cornerstone techniques due to its enabling the fabrication of highly porous fibrous scaffolds that are of natural or synthetic origin. Apart from the basic requirements of mechanical stability and biocompatibility, scaffolds are further expected to embody functional cues that drive cellular functions such as adhesion, spreading, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There are abundant distinct approaches to introducing bioactive molecules to have a control over cellular functions. However, the lack of a thorough understanding of cell behavior with respect to the availability and spatial distribution of the bioactive molecules in 3D fibrous scaffolds is yet to be addressed. The rational selection of proper sets of characterization techniques would essentially impact the interpretation of the cell-scaffold interactions. In this timely Review, we summarize the most popular methods to introduce functional compounds to electrospun fibers. Thereafter, the strength and limitations of the conventional characterization methods are highlighted. Finally, the potential and applicability of emerging characterization techniques such as high-resolution/correlative microscopy approaches are further discussed.Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) usually encounters complicated components in flue gas causing severe deactivation that restrict its application in specific conditions. The Cl substitution in chlorobenzene further increases poisoning risks. Ozone assistance has unique superiority that can overcome these bottleneck problems. Herein, this study performs a comparative investigation of CB oxidation by oxygen and ozone over a simple Mn/Al2O3 catalyst. CB conversion suffered from slight deactivation in oxygen atmosphere (from 90 to 70%) and more severe deactivation in the presence of SO2 (from 90 to 45%) at 480 °C.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Sunitinib-Malate-(Sutent).html  Introduction of ozone successfully attained high CB conversion at low temperature (120 °C) with excellent stability and less byproducts. Especially, CB oxidation by ozone maintained its original conversion in the presence of SO2. The deactivation process was simulated by synthesizing several sulfated catalysts. Direct sulfation on Mn/Al2O3 attained more severe deactivation in CB conversion and CO2 formation than sulfation on the Al2O3 support.