https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ve-821.html in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and other historic changes, understanding and addressing training needs of the workforce will be instrumental to public health's ability to respond to the needs of the public. This article has been temporarily removed by the publisher, Wolters Kluwer, due to a data quality issue. We regret any confusion this may have caused. This article will be published once production is complete on the Public Health Workforce Interest and Needs Survey supplemental issue. There is little empirical evidence regarding the magnitude of the COVID-19 response across the public health workforce and the extent to which other public health programs were called upon to contribute to the response, potentially leading to less work being done in other public health programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess the composition of the workforce that contributed to the COVID-19 pandemic response during 2020-2022. A large, cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the state and local public health agency workforce through the Public Health Workforce Interest and Needs Survey (PH WINS). Nearly all state health agency-central offices (SHA-COs) and Big City Health Coalition (BCHC) member pue program area. There was a considerable public health opportunity cost to the public health systems' large and prolonged COVID-19 response. Persistent understaffing in the public health system remains an important issue. There was a considerable public health opportunity cost to the public health systems' large and prolonged COVID-19 response. Persistent understaffing in the public health system remains an important issue. The Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) was fielded in 2014 and 2017 and is the largest survey of the governmental public health workforce. It captures individual employees' perspectives on key issues such as workplace engagement and satisfaction, intention to leave, tra