https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-2416964.html Oral parafunctional habits are related to any abnormal hyperactivity of the oromandibular system. They are prevalent in all societies in varying intensity and have potential physical and psychological implications. The aim of this study was twofold (1) to determine the prevalence of various types of oral parafunctional habits in the Saudi adult population, and (2) to examine their association with and the level of anxiety and personality factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted with an electronic data collection form distributed to the public through social media. The questionnaire comprised of the following (a) demographic information, (b) the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), (c) the Ten-Item of Big-Five Personality Traits, (d) a list of oral parafunctional habits. Data were analysed using a Pearson's Chi square and binary logistic regression. The participants reported several parafunctional habits including daily gum chewing (86%), lip/object biting (59%), clenching (45%), nail biting ( adult population in varying degrees. Possible risk factors include males, younger age groups, single people, and being financially constrained. Despite the general guidelines for retreatment, differences in decision making exist for secondary endodontic treatment and may be related to many factors including education, clinical experience, dentist specialty, patient preferences and economic resources. Aim of the study was to evaluate the decision making of the Saudi Board in Restorative Dentistry (SBRD) senior residents in the endodontic retreatment of molar teeth as per the scientific guidelines of the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) and also to identify the causes of retreatment and measure how far they become deviated from their taught retreatment principles and inter-individual variability. Case histories have been obtained from the files of cases treated in the SBRD Resident Comprehensive Case Archi