https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-98059.html 85; p ≤ 0.0009) with TLV predictions within ±1 standard error and three MCF metrics (posterior-width, mid-length, and mid-width) the most reliable predictors of TLV with only one metric weakly associated with TLV. DISCUSSION These findings indicate a strong association between the MCF and TLV, provide reliable predictors of fossil TLV that were previously unattainable, allow the inclusion of fragmentary fossil material, and enable inferences into the emergence of modern human temporal lobe morphology. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.INTRODUCTION Chronic hypertension complicates 1-2% of pregnancies and is one of the most significant risk factors for the development of preeclampsia. Inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and endothelin have been implicated in the endothelial dysfunction that is pathognomonic of preeclampsia and may serve as useful first trimester biomarkers for the prediction of preeclampsia. The objectives of this study are first, to investigate differences in serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, VCAM and endothelin at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks' gestation in women with chronic hypertension who developed superimposed preeclampsia to those who did not and normotensive controls, and second, to evaluate the performance of these biomarkers in the prediction of preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population comprised of 650 women with chronic hypertension, including 202 who developed superimposed preeclampsia and 448 who did not, and 142 normotensied poor prediction of superimposed preeclampsia (area under the ROC curve 0.537, 95% CI 0.487-0.587). CONCLUSIONS Women with chronic hypertension have increased serum endothelin in the first trimester of pregnancy and those who develop superimposed preeclampsia have higher levels of VCAM. None of the inflammatory mediators performed well in the first trimester in the prediction of pree