https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html maritimus habitat presented a significant trapping effect. Microplastics occurred in the sediment of all vegetated and unvegetated areas with similar abundances and high variability. Microplastics, all of type fibre, were recorded on all canopies except for S. maritimus. Overall, the trapping capacity of microplastics in the sediment and on the canopy was higher for subtidal than for intertidal vegetated habitats. We conclude that generalizations in the trapping effect of coastal vegetated areas should be done with caution, since it may be highly variable and may depend on the plastic size, habitat and tidal position. Since these habitats support a high biodiversity, they should be included in assessments of plastic debris accumulation and impacts in coastal areas. Further research, including experimental studies, is needed to shed more light on the role of coastal vegetated habitats as plastic sinks. Graphene oxide (GO) that has many advanced properties, has been applied in various fields, such as water treatments and removal of contaminations. Hypochlorite is widely used in water treatments. However, the effects of hypochlorite on the transformations and risks of GO, and the toxicological responses remain largely unknown, especially under visible-light irradiation. The present work found that visible-light irradiation promoted the breakdown of sp2 structures of GO by hypochlorite, producing alkanes and arenes with short carbon skeletons. Compared to oxygen-containing radicals, chlorine-related radicals contributed to the breakdown of carbon atomic rings of GO. Compared to pristine GO, the transformed GO inhibited algal reproduction, reduced photosynthesis, and promoted oxidative stress and membrane permeability. Substantial plasmolysis and increased numbers of starch grains were observed in the exposure groups. Metabolomics analysis found that oxidative stress and increased membrane permeability linked to downreg