https://www.selleckchem.com/products/namodenoson-cf-102.html Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a confusing respiratory disease, with many fundamental questions unanswered. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with CPA in a tertiary hospital in China. Forty-six patients with CPA, including 26 patients with chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA), 13 patients with subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (SAIA) and 7 patients with simple pulmonary aspergilloma (SA), were diagnosed from January 2014 to December 2017. A total of 18 patients with CCPA and 8 patients with SAIA had completed triazole treatment. Patients with SAIA had lower body mass index than patients with CCPA (18.9 vs. 20.4, P=0.011), and SAIA most frequently occurred in systematic diseases (62.5% vs. 11.1%, P=0.014). The medians of white blood count and C-reactive protein in patients with SAIA were higher than those in patients with CCPA (P less then 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the median of duration of treatment between patients with CCPA and SAIA (36.5weeks vs. 27.5weeks, P=0.144). Based on a composite of clinical, radiological, and mycological criteria, global success was observed in 12 patients with CCPA (66.7%) and 6 patients with SAIA (75.0%) at the end of the treatment. During the 1-year follow-up, 9 of 26 patients with CPA (34.6%) had a relapse. To date, we face a tremendous lack of evidence on CPA, and no commonly accepted treatment endpoint definition has been defined. In the future, collaborative research activities are needed to meet these challenges.Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a diverse family of 9-carbon α-keto acid sugars that are involved in a wide range of functions across all branches of life. The family of NulOs includes the sialic acids as well as the prokaryote-specific NulOs. Select bacteria biosynthesize the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and the ability to produce this